{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410197331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","title":"Optimal sizing of a grid-connected DC microgrid for agricultural applications with water-energy management system considering battery cycle life","display_name":"Optimal sizing of a grid-connected DC microgrid for agricultural applications with water-energy management system considering battery cycle life","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410197331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238917","display_name":"Energy Nexus","issn_l":"2772-4271","issn":["2772-4271"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Nexus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093988837","display_name":"Mohammad Hossein Mokhtare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5455-6976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5455-6976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hossein Mokhtare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middle East Technical University, Dumlupinar Blvd., \u00c7ankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5455-6976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle East Technical University, Dumlupinar Blvd., \u00c7ankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041923224","display_name":"Ozan Keysan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-7906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-7906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozan Keysan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middle East Technical University, Dumlupinar Blvd., \u00c7ankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle East Technical University, Dumlupinar Blvd., \u00c7ankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093988837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":1.907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84640385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"100445","last_page":"100445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.24390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.1071000024676323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-microgrid","display_name":"DC microgrid","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-sizing","display_name":"optimal sizing","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaics","display_name":"photovoltaics","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-energy-storage","display_name":"battery energy storage","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-cycle-life","display_name":"battery cycle life","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-water-pumping","display_name":"solar water pumping","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"irrigation","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levelized-cost-of-electricity","display_name":"levelized cost of electricity","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-connected-microgrid","display_name":"grid-connected microgrid","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-efficiency","display_name":"techno-economic efficiency","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8209750652313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.8074010610580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6931904554367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5277769565582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4931051433086395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4551101624965668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42641934752464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41628628969192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38520053029060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.37077170610427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.36145609617233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3496413826942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3292200565338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.15808051824569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1094607412815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09080374240875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0907696783542633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07219955325126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238917","display_name":"Energy Nexus","issn_l":"2772-4271","issn":["2772-4271"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Nexus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f9a65753b4004578ab3a5ff38cd5db64","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f9a65753b4004578ab3a5ff38cd5db64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energy Nexus, Vol 18, Iss , Pp 100445- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238917","display_name":"Energy Nexus","issn_l":"2772-4271","issn":["2772-4271"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Nexus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":1.0,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5666999816894531,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.75,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528852489","https://openalex.org/W2594909139","https://openalex.org/W2797298096","https://openalex.org/W2802992764","https://openalex.org/W2977748999","https://openalex.org/W2979582213","https://openalex.org/W3013165468","https://openalex.org/W3043110457","https://openalex.org/W3088280332","https://openalex.org/W3089401834","https://openalex.org/W3126969512","https://openalex.org/W4220792953","https://openalex.org/W4224925643","https://openalex.org/W4285500456","https://openalex.org/W4296381434","https://openalex.org/W4296577905","https://openalex.org/W4308489562","https://openalex.org/W4316467356","https://openalex.org/W4317772658","https://openalex.org/W4321257424","https://openalex.org/W4376651810","https://openalex.org/W4382490598","https://openalex.org/W4383226913","https://openalex.org/W4386586146","https://openalex.org/W4389200221","https://openalex.org/W4392930134","https://openalex.org/W4396811339","https://openalex.org/W4403670072","https://openalex.org/W6843207049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4387389839","https://openalex.org/W2333017163","https://openalex.org/W2347673489","https://openalex.org/W2964937504","https://openalex.org/W2169268775","https://openalex.org/W2371966636","https://openalex.org/W1986364304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,195],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,30,34,80,129,190],"optimal":[4,206,252],"sizing":[5,45,121,178],"method":[6,179],"for":[7,128],"a":[8,24,40,50,69,96,165,181,197,233],"DC":[9,182],"microgrid":[10,18,144,184],"topology":[11],"commonly":[12],"installed":[13],"in":[14,106,201],"agricultural":[15,183],"farms.":[16],"The":[17,44,83,155],"comprises":[19],"solar":[20,146,221,226,235],"photovoltaic":[21],"(PV)":[22],"panels,":[23],"battery":[25,111],"energy":[26,169,188,212,227],"storage":[27],"system":[28,72],"(BESS),":[29],"electric":[31],"water":[32,36,147],"pump,":[33],"elevated":[35],"reservoir":[37],"(WR),":[38],"and":[39,55,59,95,113],"household":[41],"electrical":[42],"load.":[43],"optimization":[46],"procedure":[47],"includes":[48],"selecting":[49],"suitable":[51],"PV":[52],"array":[53],"size":[54],"optimizing":[56],"the":[57,63,89,110,119,142,150,162,176,202,205,211,215,248,251],"WR":[58],"BESS":[60],"capacities.":[61],"For":[62],"technical":[64],"evaluation":[65],"of":[66,91,168,192,210,214],"possible":[67],"solutions,":[68],"water-energy":[70],"management":[71],"(WEMS)":[73],"is":[74,77,86,126,149,196,240],"proposed.":[75],"Water":[76],"treated":[78],"as":[79],"independent":[81],"demand.":[82],"irrigation":[84,105],"regime":[85],"modeled":[87],"on":[88,250],"basis":[90],"farmers\u2019":[92],"experiential":[93],"knowledge":[94],"temperature":[97],"constraint":[98],"to":[99,104,172,232,246],"avoid":[100],"unnecessary":[101],"evaporation":[102],"due":[103],"high":[107],"temperatures.":[108],"Moreover,":[109],"cycle":[112],"calendar":[114],"lifetimes":[115],"are":[116,217],"integrated":[117],"into":[118],"presented":[120,177],"method.":[122],"A":[123],"case":[124],"study":[125],"conducted":[127],"actual":[130],"farm":[131,216],"with":[132,137,145,189],"real":[133],"data.":[134],"Comparative":[135],"simulations":[136],"alternative":[138],"topologies":[139],"show":[140],"that":[141,186],"PV-BESS-Grid":[143],"pumping":[148,236],"most":[151],"techno-economically":[152],"efficient":[153],"topology.":[154],"target":[156],"farm,":[157],"while":[158],"supplied":[159,218],"only":[160],"from":[161,219],"grid,":[163],"has":[164],"levelized":[166],"cost":[167],"(LCOE)":[170],"equal":[171],"401":[173],"$/MWh.":[174,194],"However,":[175],"finds":[180],"configuration":[185],"provides":[187],"LCOE":[191],"223":[193],"significant":[198],"44%":[199],"decrease":[200],"LCOE.":[203],"With":[204],"solution,":[207],"around":[208],"77%":[209],"needs":[213],"renewable":[220],"energy.":[222],"In":[223],"addition,":[224],"wasted":[225],"decreases":[228],"by":[229,242],"62.4%":[230],"compared":[231],"standalone":[234],"system.":[237],"Sensitivity":[238],"analysis":[239],"performed":[241],"varying":[243],"critical":[244],"parameters":[245],"observe":[247],"impacts":[249],"solution.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
