{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410196974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","title":"Provider-imposed restrictions on contraceptive use in Western Kenya","display_name":"Provider-imposed restrictions on contraceptive use in Western Kenya","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410196974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40345366","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12226224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","pdf_url":"https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0010782425001283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82319153","display_name":"Contraception","issn_l":"0010-7824","issn":["0010-7824","1879-0518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contraception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0010782425001283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101741284","display_name":"Stephanie R. Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-0512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-0512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290866511","display_name":"Family Health International 360","ror":"https://ror.org/007kp6q87","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290866511"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina,\u00a0Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA; Contraceptive Research, Developement and Introduction, Global Health and Population, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: schung@fhi360.org","Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; Product Development and Introduction, Global Health and Population, 359 Blackwell St #200, Durham, NC 2770, USA. Electronic address: schung@fhi360.org"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-0512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina,\u00a0Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA; Contraceptive Research, Developement and Introduction, Global Health and Population, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: schung@fhi360.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1290866511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; Product Development and Introduction, Global Health and Population, 359 Blackwell St #200, Durham, NC 2770, USA. Electronic address: schung@fhi360.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008175441","display_name":"Brooke W. Bullington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3341-087X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3341-087X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brooke Bullington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA","Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Electronic address: bbullington@unc.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Electronic address: bbullington@unc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067895147","display_name":"Emilia Goland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7407-4298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7407-4298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emilia Goland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina,\u00a0Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA","Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Electronic address: emilia_goland@unc.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina,\u00a0Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Electronic address: emilia_goland@unc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046188982","display_name":"Dickens Onyango","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-0531","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-0531"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dickens O. Onyango","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disease Surveillence and Response Unit, Kisumu County Department of Health, Kisumu, Kenya","Kisumu County Department of Health, 4th floor, Prosperity House, P.O. Box: 2738 - 40100, Kisumu, Kenya. Electronic address: macdickens2002@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disease Surveillence and Response Unit, Kisumu County Department of Health, Kisumu, Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kisumu County Department of Health, 4th floor, Prosperity House, P.O. Box: 2738 - 40100, Kisumu, Kenya. Electronic address: macdickens2002@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001540949","display_name":"Leigh Senderowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-1473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-1473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132596","display_name":"University of Wisconsin Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3qgk42","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leigh Senderowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,\u00a0USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Health Sciences Learning Center, Madison, WI,\u00a0USA","Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Wisconsin, 475 N Charter St, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Health Sciences Learning Center, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Electronic address: senderowicz@wisc.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,\u00a0USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Health Sciences Learning Center, Madison, WI,\u00a0USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Wisconsin, 475 N Charter St, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Health Sciences Learning Center, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Electronic address: senderowicz@wisc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I4210132596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116611702","display_name":"Abigael Mwanyiro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313272365","display_name":"Innovations for Poverty Action","ror":"https://ror.org/0235ad950","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141021","display_name":"Innovations for Poverty Action","ror":"https://ror.org/042fam363","country_code":"RW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141021"]}],"countries":["RW","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abigael Mwanyiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), Nairobi, Kenya","Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), P.O. Box 72427 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: amwanyiro@poverty-action.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), P.O. Box 72427 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: amwanyiro@poverty-action.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365","https://openalex.org/I4210141021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091472118","display_name":"Claire Watt Rothschild","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-9881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-9881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133408","display_name":"Population Services International","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1cjm87","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133408"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claire W. Rothschild","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, Population Services International, Washington, DC,\u00a0USA","Population Services International, 1120 19th St NW #600, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Electronic address: crothschild@psi.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, Population Services International, Washington, DC,\u00a0USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population Services International, 1120 19th St NW #600, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Electronic address: crothschild@psi.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ben Wekesa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313272365","display_name":"Innovations for Poverty Action","ror":"https://ror.org/0235ad950","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141021","display_name":"Innovations for Poverty Action","ror":"https://ror.org/042fam363","country_code":"RW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141021"]}],"countries":["RW","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben Wekesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), Nairobi, Kenya","Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), P.O. Box 72427 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: bwekesa@poverty-action.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), P.O. Box 72427 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: bwekesa@poverty-action.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365","https://openalex.org/I4210141021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022090502","display_name":"Brian G. Frizzelle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7705-0204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7705-0204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian Frizzelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA","Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Electronic address: brian_frizzelle@unc.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Electronic address: brian_frizzelle@unc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002616888","display_name":"Ginger M. Golub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0669-4758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0669-4758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313272365","display_name":"Innovations for Poverty Action","ror":"https://ror.org/0235ad950","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ginger Golub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), Nairobi, Kenya","Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), P.O. Box 72427 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: ggolub@poverty-action.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action-Kenya (IPA-K), P.O. Box 72427 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: ggolub@poverty-action.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032139118","display_name":"Katherine Tumlinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-8219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-8219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Tumlinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA","Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Electronic address: ktumlin@email.unc.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,\u00a0USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Electronic address: ktumlin@email.unc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001540949","https://openalex.org/A5002616888","https://openalex.org/A5008175441","https://openalex.org/A5022090502","https://openalex.org/A5032139118","https://openalex.org/A5046188982","https://openalex.org/A5067895147","https://openalex.org/A5091472118","https://openalex.org/A5101741284","https://openalex.org/A5116611702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1290866511","https://openalex.org/I1313272365","https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I4210132596","https://openalex.org/I4210133408","https://openalex.org/I4210141021"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"fwci":4.5165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94336463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"148","issue":null,"first_page":"110937","last_page":"110937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13242","display_name":"Male Reproductive Health Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13942","display_name":"International Human Rights and Reproductive Law","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraceptive-use","display_name":"contraceptive use","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-eligibility-criteria","display_name":"medical eligibility criteria","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-planning-providers","display_name":"family planning providers","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrauterine-devices","display_name":"intrauterine devices","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-contraceptives","display_name":"oral contraceptives","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraceptive-implants","display_name":"contraceptive implants","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injectable-contraceptives","display_name":"injectable contraceptives","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-condoms","display_name":"male condoms","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provider-bias","display_name":"provider bias","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-care-facilities","display_name":"public healthcare facilities","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-kenya","display_name":"Western Kenya","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kisumu-county","display_name":"Kisumu County","score":0.9330000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8805313110351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.4243861436843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3413817882537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.3313722014427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.331271231174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.2501950263977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2454589605331421}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003267","descriptor_name":"Contraception","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003267","descriptor_name":"Contraception","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003268","descriptor_name":"Contraception Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005193","descriptor_name":"Family Planning Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","pdf_url":"https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0010782425001283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82319153","display_name":"Contraception","issn_l":"0010-7824","issn":["0010-7824","1879-0518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contraception","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40345366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40345366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contraception","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12226224","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12226224/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contraception","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110937","pdf_url":"https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0010782425001283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82319153","display_name":"Contraception","issn_l":"0010-7824","issn":["0010-7824","1879-0518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contraception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1762564124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2C HD050924","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337759","funder_display_name":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1871174730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32HD007168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332600","funder_display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2270545241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32HD007168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337759","funder_display_name":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G23089637","display_name":"Research Training Program in Reproductive and Sexual Health","funder_award_id":"1r25hd115514-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3511106470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD050924","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337759","funder_display_name":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5808624558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32 HD007168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308581","funder_display_name":"Center for Plant Conservation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6676629147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2C HD050924","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332600","funder_display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7282723123","display_name":"Carolina Population Center","funder_award_id":"P2CHD050924","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G868500468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32 HD052468","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308581","funder_display_name":"Center for Plant Conservation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000042165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#HD050924","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000320306","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial to Address Unintended Pregnancy Rates in Low Resource Settings","funder_award_id":"R01HD101453","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000862705","display_name":"Population Research Training","funder_award_id":"T32HD007168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000887138","display_name":"Training Program in Reproductive, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology","funder_award_id":"T32HD052468","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308581","display_name":"Center for Plant Conservation","ror":"https://ror.org/00v2a6g95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332600","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337364","display_name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337759","display_name":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410196974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410196974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971841542","https://openalex.org/W1999989568","https://openalex.org/W2065519703","https://openalex.org/W2135071886","https://openalex.org/W2276569764","https://openalex.org/W2972223943","https://openalex.org/W2973156901","https://openalex.org/W3004895021","https://openalex.org/W3036143022","https://openalex.org/W3039651043","https://openalex.org/W3092508116","https://openalex.org/W3186831678","https://openalex.org/W4210619156","https://openalex.org/W4380480776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4301738535","https://openalex.org/W4288007243","https://openalex.org/W2811253276","https://openalex.org/W4283705268","https://openalex.org/W4299294636","https://openalex.org/W4387212199","https://openalex.org/W2045838306","https://openalex.org/W2155960881","https://openalex.org/W4412725345","https://openalex.org/W6940059600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Contraceptive":[1],"providers":[2,70,113,145,159,173,203,254,280],"unnecessarily":[3],"restrict":[4],"contraceptive":[5,48,93,101,165,211,229,263,292],"use":[6,104,122],"or":[7,23,27,118,169,180],"inappropriately":[8,160,188],"apply":[9],"medical":[10,61,98,119,183,225,260,283],"eligibility":[11,184,284],"criteria":[12,285],"for":[13,198],"a":[14],"variety":[15],"of":[16,25,32,44,112,202],"reasons,":[17],"including":[18,95],"knowledge":[19],"gaps,":[20],"personal":[21],"bias,":[22],"fear":[24],"legal":[26],"social":[28],"consequences.":[29],"As":[30],"prevalence":[31],"these":[33],"restrictions":[34,46,89,99,120,149,208,226,261],"is":[35,235,274],"unknown,":[36],"this":[37,289],"analysis":[38],"aims":[39],"to":[40,107,125,209,214,218,237,262,276],"document":[41],"current":[42],"patterns":[43],"provider-imposed":[45],"on":[47,60,91,100,150],"methods":[49,264],"at":[50],"public":[51,74],"facilities":[52,76],"in":[53,77,81,231,265],"Western":[54],"Kenya":[55,80],"and":[56,97,121,138,154,216,223,247,287],"assess":[57],"novel":[58],"questions":[59],"restrictions.":[62],"STUDY":[63],"DESIGN:":[64],"We":[65,103,142,251],"surveyed":[66],"345":[67],"family":[68,135],"planning":[69,136],"across":[71],"all":[72],"137":[73],"healthcare":[75],"Kisumu":[78],"County,":[79],"2022.":[82],"The":[83],"survey":[84],"asked":[85],"about":[86],"non-clinically-indicated":[87],"provider":[88,129,240],"placed":[90],"six":[92],"methods,":[94],"sociodemographic":[96,117,148],"use.":[102],"descriptive":[105],"statistics":[106],"present":[108],"the":[109,194],"self-reported":[110],"proportion":[111],"who":[114],"impose":[115],"incorrect":[116],"Chi-squared":[123],"tests":[124],"explore":[126],"associations":[127],"with":[128,157,186,200],"gender,":[130],"age,":[131,245],"time":[132],"since":[133],"last":[134],"training,":[137],"facility":[139],"level.":[140],"RESULTS:":[141],"find":[143,252],"that":[144,253],"commonly":[146],"imposed":[147],"female":[151],"permanent":[152],"contraception":[153],"intrauterine":[155],"devices,":[156],"fewer":[158],"restricting":[161,189],"women":[162],"seeking":[163],"oral":[164,210],"pills,":[166,212],"implants,":[167],"injections,":[168],"male":[170],"condoms.":[171],"Few":[172],"reported":[174],"accurately":[175],"applying":[176,205,256,282],"weight,":[177,246],"blood":[178],"pressure,":[179],"breastfeeding":[181],"related":[182],"criteria,":[185],"many":[187,279],"hormonal":[190],"methods.":[191],"Weight":[192],"was":[193],"most":[195],"common":[196],"reason":[197],"restriction,":[199],"50%":[201],"reportedly":[204],"inappropriate":[206,224,239,259],"weight-based":[207],"60%":[213],"injectables,":[215],"40%":[217],"implants.":[219],"CONCLUSIONS:":[220],"Provider":[221],"bias":[222],"limit":[227],"women's":[228,291],"choice":[230],"Kenya.":[232],"More":[233,272],"research":[234,273],"needed":[236,275],"address":[238],"restrictions,":[241],"especially":[242,268],"around":[243,269],"patient":[244,270],"partner":[248],"consent.":[249],"IMPLICATIONS:":[250],"are":[255,281],"biased":[257],"and/or":[258],"Kisumu,":[266],"Kenya,":[267],"weight.":[271],"understand":[277],"why":[278],"incorrectly,":[286],"how":[288],"impacts":[290],"choices.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-05-09T00:00:00"}
