{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410185579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","title":"Silibinin enhanced the efficacy of albendazole in treating the muscular phase of experimental trichinellosis","display_name":"Silibinin enhanced the efficacy of albendazole in treating the muscular phase of experimental trichinellosis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410185579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40332448","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12058922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153189382","display_name":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","issn_l":"0049-4747","issn":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055265621","display_name":"Mennat-Elrahman Ahmed Fahmy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-1607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-1607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039331","display_name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4dr544","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mennat-Elrahman A. Fahmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt. nmonmon18@yahoo.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-1607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt. nmonmon18@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089599026","display_name":"Marwa Esmat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7514-8411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7514-8411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154632036","display_name":"Misr University for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05debfq75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154632036"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwa Esmat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154632036"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007077148","display_name":"Manal Badawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7960-1332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7960-1332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manal Badawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114020412","display_name":"Iman Raafat Abdel-Shafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-4575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-4575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman R. Abdel Shafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055265621"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"],"apc_list":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"apc_paid":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"fwci":0.5947,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57905791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"4","first_page":"209","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11702","display_name":"Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11702","display_name":"Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10695","display_name":"Parasites and Host Interactions","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11074","display_name":"Helminth infection and control","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichinellosis","display_name":"trichinellosis","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichinella-spiralis","display_name":"Trichinella spiralis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silibinin","display_name":"silibinin","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silymarin","display_name":"silymarin","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albendazole","display_name":"albendazole","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-combination-therapy","display_name":"drug combination therapy","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-1-pd-l1-pathway","display_name":"PD-1/PD-L1 pathway","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasite-immune-evasion","display_name":"parasite immune evasion","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiparasitic-activity","display_name":"antiparasitic activity","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777130413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425702","display_name":"Silibinin","level":2,"score":0.7654004096984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777065887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411629","display_name":"Albendazole","level":2,"score":0.6876564025878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6272588968276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781320125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730937","display_name":"Trichinella spiralis","level":3,"score":0.6130320429801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.4878980815410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.42883923649787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4264986515045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.4239787459373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.41850101947784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.38063845038414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.336486279964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.277222603559494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165901193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3129936","display_name":"Helminths","level":2,"score":0.17794910073280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1377304196357727}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077385","descriptor_name":"Silybin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077385","descriptor_name":"Silybin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000871","descriptor_name":"Anthelmintics","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000871","descriptor_name":"Anthelmintics","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000871","descriptor_name":"Anthelmintics","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004357","descriptor_name":"Drug Synergism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007814","descriptor_name":"Larva","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014235","descriptor_name":"Trichinellosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014235","descriptor_name":"Trichinellosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015766","descriptor_name":"Albendazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015766","descriptor_name":"Albendazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015766","descriptor_name":"Albendazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017160","descriptor_name":"Trichinella spiralis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153189382","display_name":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","issn_l":"0049-4747","issn":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12058922","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12058922","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12058922/pdf/11250_2025_Article_4429.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trop Anim Health Prod","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40332448","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40332448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical animal health and production","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153189382","display_name":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","issn_l":"0049-4747","issn":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317455","display_name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4dr544"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410185579.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410185579.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53578116","https://openalex.org/W144930507","https://openalex.org/W2014397058","https://openalex.org/W2022467626","https://openalex.org/W2044606437","https://openalex.org/W2142110193","https://openalex.org/W2299829932","https://openalex.org/W2383673633","https://openalex.org/W2409859695","https://openalex.org/W2534390269","https://openalex.org/W2618561039","https://openalex.org/W2761586559","https://openalex.org/W2789315292","https://openalex.org/W2806496774","https://openalex.org/W2811442245","https://openalex.org/W2910673378","https://openalex.org/W2949027263","https://openalex.org/W2984342889","https://openalex.org/W2995909731","https://openalex.org/W2999287241","https://openalex.org/W3006907620","https://openalex.org/W3007511840","https://openalex.org/W3012138830","https://openalex.org/W3043804591","https://openalex.org/W3087601780","https://openalex.org/W3090744476","https://openalex.org/W3164823786","https://openalex.org/W3169835463","https://openalex.org/W3176333152","https://openalex.org/W3210193198","https://openalex.org/W4206379535","https://openalex.org/W4280579640","https://openalex.org/W4280643754","https://openalex.org/W4292566989","https://openalex.org/W4293254864","https://openalex.org/W4295779109","https://openalex.org/W4385566510","https://openalex.org/W4390655861","https://openalex.org/W4392851415"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402736582","https://openalex.org/W3210193198","https://openalex.org/W2055683966","https://openalex.org/W4295779109","https://openalex.org/W4404821694","https://openalex.org/W889683502","https://openalex.org/W144930507","https://openalex.org/W4405673087","https://openalex.org/W2023322152","https://openalex.org/W7163864725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trichinella":[0],"spiralis":[1],"is":[2,29,51],"a":[3,7,61,92,127,167,207,212],"parasitic":[4],"nematode":[5],"with":[6,126,206],"special":[8],"life":[9],"cycle.":[10],"Both":[11],"adults":[12],"and":[13,25,72,123,142,150,159,162,174,221,242],"larvae":[14,136],"live":[15],"in":[16,20,139,201],"two":[17],"different":[18],"niches":[19],"the":[21,33,37,46,48,52,66,81,85,97,102,124,132,140,143,148,180,191,202,244,249,253],"same":[22],"host":[23,38],"(intestinal":[24],"muscular).":[26],"The":[27,195],"parasite":[28,49],"known":[30],"to":[31,39,42,64,90,157,179],"manipulate":[32],"immune":[34,67],"system":[35],"of":[36,45,84,99,134,152,170,210,215,224,237,246,252],"be":[40],"able":[41],"survive.":[43],"One":[44],"pathways":[47],"modulates":[50],"programmed":[53,56],"death":[54,57],"1/":[55],"ligand":[58],"1":[59],"(PD1/PDL1),":[60],"pathway":[62],"important":[63],"maintain":[65],"homeostasis":[68],"during":[69],"chronic":[70],"infections":[71],"cancers.":[73],"Albendazole":[74],"(ABZ)":[75],"shows":[76],"anti-trichinellosis":[77,240],"efficacy,":[78],"especially":[79],"against":[80,101,248],"intestinal":[82],"phase":[83,251],"infection.":[86,194,254],"In":[87,146],"an":[88],"attempt":[89],"discover":[91],"drug":[93],"that":[94],"would":[95],"enhance":[96],"efficacy":[98,245],"ABZ":[100,185,247],"muscular":[103,250],"phase,":[104],"we":[105],"used":[106],"40":[107],"CD1":[108],"Swiss-Albino":[109],"male":[110],"mice":[111,154],"divided":[112],"into":[113],"5":[114],"groups:":[115],"normal,":[116],"infected,":[117],"infected":[118,120,141],"ABZ-treated,":[119],"Silymarin":[121],"(SM)-treated,":[122],"infected-treated":[125,144],"combination":[128],"group.":[129],"After":[130],"euthanasia,":[131],"number":[133],"diaphragmatic":[135],"was":[137],"estimated":[138],"groups.":[145],"addition,":[147],"tongues":[149],"hearts":[151],"all":[153],"were":[155,199],"subjected":[156],"histopathological":[158],"immunohistochemical":[160],"processing":[161],"evaluation.":[163],"Monotherapy":[164],"groups":[165],"showed":[166,239],"significant":[168,197,213,222],"reduction":[169,208,214],"both":[171],"larval":[172],"count":[173],"PD1":[175],"local":[176,226],"expression":[177,227],"compared":[178],"infected-only":[181],"group,":[182],"however,":[183],"neither":[184],"nor":[186],"SM":[187],"alone":[188],"could":[189],"reduce":[190],"inflammation":[192],"accompanying":[193],"most":[196],"improvements":[198],"recorded":[200],"combined":[203],"treatment":[204],"group":[205],"rate":[209],"69.95%,":[211],"inflammatory":[216],"infiltrates":[217],"(p":[218,228],"<":[219,229],"0.05),":[220],"modulation":[223],"PDL1":[225],"0.05).":[230],"So,":[231],"Silibinin":[232],"(the":[233],"major":[234],"active":[235],"ingredient":[236],"SM)":[238],"activity":[241],"enhanced":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-05-08T00:00:00"}
