{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410140324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","title":"Characteristics, Patterns, and Optimal Treatment Strategies of Morel-Lavallee Lesions: A Systematic Review","display_name":"Characteristics, Patterns, and Optimal Treatment Strategies of Morel-Lavallee Lesions: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410140324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40333732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65618785","display_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","issn_l":"0890-5339","issn":["0890-5339","1531-2291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117457365","display_name":"Marc Daniel Bouchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6883-9486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6883-9486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Daniel Bouchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6883-9486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117457366","display_name":"Cameron Pow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5061-1948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5061-1948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142762351","display_name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/01hxy9878","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Pow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111380447","display_name":"J. Raymond Gilbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8795-2657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8795-2657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michael G.DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michael G.DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049180759","display_name":"David Slawaska\u2010Eng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7535-0193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7535-0193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Slawaska-Eng","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015079805","display_name":"Prushoth Vivekanantha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-5121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-5121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prushoth Vivekanantha","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071320681","display_name":"Rotana Fageeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rotana Fageeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada; and","McMaster University, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamilton, ON"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamilton, ON","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101816746","display_name":"James Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-247X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-247X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59293822","display_name":"St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton","ror":"https://ror.org/009z39p97","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59293822"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada","St. Joseph's Hospital, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Joseph's Hospital, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59293822"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72719626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"8","first_page":"e14","last_page":"e21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13878","display_name":"Case Reports on Hematomas","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13878","display_name":"Case Reports on Hematomas","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10980","display_name":"Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas","score":0.050200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13363","display_name":"Soft tissue tumors and treatment","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morel-lavallee-lesion","display_name":"Morel-Lavall\u00e9e lesion","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-tissue-emphysema","display_name":"soft tissue emphysema","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"ultrasound","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ct","display_name":"CT","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percutaneous-management","display_name":"percutaneous management","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-management","display_name":"surgical management","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrence","display_name":"recurrence","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion-volume","display_name":"lesion volume","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thigh","display_name":"thigh","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greater-trochanter","display_name":"greater trochanter","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-region","display_name":"lumbar region","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-outcomes","display_name":"treatment outcomes","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-of-imaging-modalities","display_name":"imaging modality comparison","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservative-treatment","display_name":"conservative treatment","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-guidelines","display_name":"treatment guidelines","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-tissue-characterization","display_name":"soft tissue characterization","score":0.36800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9418332576751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4194962978363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3893939256668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.32931357622146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65618785","display_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","issn_l":"0890-5339","issn":["0890-5339","1531-2291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40333732","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40333732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of orthopaedic trauma","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29225411","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Characteristics_patterns_and_optimal_treatment_strategies_of_Morel-Lavallee_lesions_a_systematic_review/29225411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000003005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65618785","display_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","issn_l":"0890-5339","issn":["0890-5339","1531-2291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1828977888","https://openalex.org/W1965654862","https://openalex.org/W1972051111","https://openalex.org/W1989580983","https://openalex.org/W1999846017","https://openalex.org/W2017044005","https://openalex.org/W2019830689","https://openalex.org/W2031417869","https://openalex.org/W2045459660","https://openalex.org/W2074317213","https://openalex.org/W2083446189","https://openalex.org/W2090874531","https://openalex.org/W2102456448","https://openalex.org/W2113194777","https://openalex.org/W2134833483","https://openalex.org/W2141236818","https://openalex.org/W2143832412","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2177425073","https://openalex.org/W2340068624","https://openalex.org/W2365312918","https://openalex.org/W2507129405","https://openalex.org/W2517932482","https://openalex.org/W2555665343","https://openalex.org/W2788387116","https://openalex.org/W2791169482","https://openalex.org/W2797561073","https://openalex.org/W2802512444","https://openalex.org/W2805956879","https://openalex.org/W2888968535","https://openalex.org/W2909512471","https://openalex.org/W2948083445","https://openalex.org/W3036735275","https://openalex.org/W3045866231","https://openalex.org/W3046373989","https://openalex.org/W3080977427","https://openalex.org/W3088201881","https://openalex.org/W3146200513","https://openalex.org/W4288690008","https://openalex.org/W4307112842","https://openalex.org/W4362674744","https://openalex.org/W4385442625","https://openalex.org/W4386033868","https://openalex.org/W4394010284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7123709462","https://openalex.org/W4296626396","https://openalex.org/W2480054011","https://openalex.org/W2913175767","https://openalex.org/W7167342864","https://openalex.org/W4410348211","https://openalex.org/W4413870928","https://openalex.org/W7096758455","https://openalex.org/W2020222156","https://openalex.org/W2983477762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,81,145,179,205,229,273,300],"diagnostic":[4,54],"accuracy":[5,55],"of":[6,11,191,223],"imaging":[7,94,233],"modalities":[8],"and":[9,18,30,48,69,96,124,151,316],"outcomes":[10,58,97,315],"treatment":[12,57,129,161,187,190,310],"strategies":[13],"for":[14,22,36,59,84,169,209,240,278],"Morel-Lavall\u00e9e":[15],"lesions":[16,157,171,193,210,250,268,283,289],"(MLLs)":[17],"provide":[19],"evidence-based":[20],"recommendations":[21],"optimal":[23],"management.":[24,295],"METHODS:":[25],"Data":[26,89],"Sources:":[27],"MEDLINE,":[28],"Embase,":[29],"Emcare":[31],"databases":[32],"were":[33,61,72,98,101,122,138,284],"systematically":[34],"searched":[35],"English-language":[37],"studies":[38,47,133,306],"published":[39],"up":[40],"to":[41,185],"September":[42],"2024.":[43],"STUDY":[44],"SELECTION:":[45],"Observational":[46],"randomized":[49],"controlled":[50],"trials":[51],"(RCTs)":[52],"reporting":[53],"or":[56,107],"MLLs":[60,140],"included.":[62,139],"Case":[63],"reports,":[64],"small":[65,104],"series,":[66],"animal":[67],"studies,":[68],"non-English":[70],"articles":[71],"excluded.":[73],"DATA":[74,114],"EXTRACTION:":[75],"Study":[76],"quality":[77],"was":[78,176,228,246,272],"assessed":[79],"using":[80],"Methodological":[82],"Index":[83],"Non-randomized":[85],"Studies":[86],"(MINORS)":[87],"tool.":[88],"on":[90,112,219],"demographics,":[91],"lesion":[92],"characteristics,":[93],"modalities,":[95],"extracted.":[99],"Lesions":[100],"categorized":[102],"as":[103,252],"(<100":[105,158],"cm3)":[106,110,291],"large":[108,192],"(\u2265100":[109],"based":[111,218],"volume.":[113],"SYNTHESIS:":[115],"Descriptive":[116],"statistics":[117],"summarized":[118],"outcomes.":[119],"Recurrence":[120],"rates":[121],"calculated":[123],"pooled":[125],"proportions":[126],"compared":[127,184],"across":[128],"modalities.":[130],"RESULTS:":[131],"Twenty-nine":[132],"(928":[134],"patients,":[135],"964":[136],"lesions)":[137],"most":[141,230,274],"frequently":[142],"occurred":[143],"in":[144,199,248],"thigh":[146],"(26.5%),":[147],"greater":[148],"trochanter":[149],"(24.9%),":[150],"lumbar":[152],"region":[153],"(20.3%).":[154],"Among":[155],"smaller":[156],"cm3),":[159,173],"nonoperative":[160],"had":[162,194],"a":[163,195,220],"low":[164],"recurrence":[165,181,197,302],"rate":[166,182,198,207],"(5.6%),":[167],"while":[168,202,258],"larger":[170],"(>100":[172,290],"percutaneous":[174],"management":[175],"associated":[177],"with":[178,299],"highest":[180],"(15%)":[183],"other":[186],"approaches.":[188],"Operative":[189],"50%":[196],"one":[200],"study,":[201],"sclerodesis":[203],"achieved":[204],"lowest":[206,301],"(4.8%)":[208],"averaging":[211],"387":[212],"cm3,":[213],"however,":[214],"this":[215],"finding":[216],"is":[217],"limited":[221],"number":[222],"cases":[224],"(21":[225],"lesions).":[226],"MRI":[227,271],"common":[231],"single":[232,276],"modality":[234,277],"reported":[235],"(n=162":[236],"lesions,":[237],"19.5%),":[238],"favoured":[239],"its":[241],"superior":[242],"soft-tissue":[243],"characterization.":[244],"Ultrasound":[245],"used":[247,275],"121":[249],"(14.6%)":[251],"an":[253],"accessible":[254],"initial":[255],"assessment":[256],"tool,":[257],"CT,":[259],"often":[260,292],"performed":[261],"incidentally":[262],"during":[263],"trauma":[264],"evaluation,":[265],"diagnosed":[266],"339":[267],"(40.9%).":[269],"CONCLUSIONS:":[270],"diagnosing":[279],"MLLs.":[280],"Small,":[281],"acute":[282],"effectively":[285],"managed":[286],"nonoperatively.":[287],"Large":[288],"required":[293],"operative":[294],"Sclerodesis":[296],"appears":[297],"promising":[298],"(4.8%),":[303],"but":[304],"further":[305],"are":[307],"needed.":[308],"Standardized":[309],"protocols":[311],"may":[312],"help":[313],"improve":[314],"reduce":[317],"recurrence.":[318],"LEVEL":[319],"OF":[320],"EVIDENCE:":[321],"IV,":[322],"systematic":[323],"review.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2025-05-07T00:00:00"}