{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410102065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","title":"A study on entrepreneurial behaviour of ginger growers in Thoubal district, Manipur","display_name":"A study on entrepreneurial behaviour of ginger growers in Thoubal district, Manipur","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410102065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","pdf_url":"https://www.extensionjournal.com/article/view/1861/8-4-63","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204166","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development","issn_l":"2618-0723","issn":["2618-0723","2618-0731"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.extensionjournal.com/article/view/1861/8-4-63","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A Deva Harsha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76253773","display_name":"Central Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rs2w544","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Deva Harsha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Extension Education , College of Agriculture , Imphal , Manipur , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Extension Education , College of Agriculture , Imphal , Manipur , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112419838","display_name":"Daya Ram","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76253773","display_name":"Central Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rs2w544","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daya Ram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Extension Education , College of Agriculture , Imphal , Manipur , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Extension Education , College of Agriculture , Imphal , Manipur , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005240795","display_name":"RN Amulya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76253773","display_name":"Central Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rs2w544","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Amulya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Extension Education , College of Agriculture , Imphal , Manipur , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Extension Education , College of Agriculture , Imphal , Manipur , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76253773"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09208524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"87","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-behavior","display_name":"entrepreneurial behavior","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-characteristics","display_name":"socioeconomic characteristics","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-extension-participation","display_name":"agricultural extension participation","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing-cooperatives","display_name":"marketing cooperatives","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-insurance","display_name":"crop insurance","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certified-seed","display_name":"certified seed","score":0.8650000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39497509598731995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3642643690109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3257496953010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11164596676826477}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","pdf_url":"https://www.extensionjournal.com/article/view/1861/8-4-63","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204166","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development","issn_l":"2618-0723","issn":["2618-0723","2618-0731"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i5b.1861","pdf_url":"https://www.extensionjournal.com/article/view/1861/8-4-63","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204166","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development","issn_l":"2618-0723","issn":["2618-0723","2618-0731"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7825999855995178}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7099999785423279}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410102065.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410102065.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134338974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2348551414","https://openalex.org/W2349589063","https://openalex.org/W3145937109","https://openalex.org/W2626769855","https://openalex.org/W4313199216","https://openalex.org/W2005098963","https://openalex.org/W4317240891","https://openalex.org/W2997510508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,21,41,95,217,254,293],"study":[1,42,92,99,294],"was":[2,32,39,43,93],"carried":[3],"out":[4],"to":[5,116,121,128,146,165,304,313],"examine":[6],"the":[7,14,90,98,104,113,143,153,173,183,209,233,237,240,315,319],"personal,":[8],"socio-economic":[9,316],"and":[10,26,55,133,170,228,288],"communication":[11],"characteristics":[12],"of":[13,17,23,48,51,86,97,103,112,137,142,152,172,182,195,208,214,236,259,263,268,274,278,282,291,297,318],"ginger":[15,30,283],"growers":[16],"Thoubal":[18,46,56],"District,":[19],"Manipur.":[20,49],"level":[22,131,149,169,194,213],"entrepreneurial":[24,215,234,309],"behaviour":[25,235],"problems":[27,256],"faced":[28],"by":[29,74],"cultivators":[31],"also":[33],"studied.":[34],"Ex-post":[35],"facto":[36],"research":[37],"design":[38],"followed.":[40],"conducted":[44],"in":[45,157,167,188],"district":[47],"Out":[50],"three":[52,62],"blocks,":[53],"Wangjing":[54],"blocks":[57],"were":[58,67,72,106,163,175,185,200,247,257],"selected":[59,68,73],"randomly.":[60],"Further,":[61],"villages":[63],"from":[64,79],"each":[65,80],"block":[66],"randomly":[69],"where":[70],"respondents":[71,88,105,114,144,154,174,184,210],"using":[75],"stratified":[76],"random":[77],"sampling":[78],"village.":[81],"Hence,":[82],"a":[83],"total":[84,138],"sample":[85],"100":[87],"for":[89,307],"present":[91],"selected.":[94],"findings":[96],"revealed":[100],"that":[101],"majority":[102],"middle":[107,129],"aged":[108],"(36-55":[109],"years).":[110],"Most":[111,141,151],"belonged":[115,145],"nuclear":[117],"type":[118],"family":[119],"(up":[120],"5":[122],"members).":[123],"Majority":[124,181,191,199,207],"had":[125,134,192,211],"education":[126],"up":[127],"school":[130],"(6-8)":[132],"marginal":[135],"size":[136],"land":[139],"holding.":[140],"medium":[147,193,212],"income":[148],"(50k-1.5L).":[150],"possessed":[155],"membership":[156],"one":[158],"organization.":[159],"Mass":[160],"media":[161,179],"exposure":[162,299],"found":[164],"be":[166],"high":[168,289],"most":[171],"possessing":[176],"all":[177],"mass":[178],"tools.":[180],"participating":[186],"occasional":[187],"extension":[189],"participation.":[190],"aspiration,":[196],"farm":[197],"experience.":[198],"having":[201],"subsidiary":[202],"occupation":[203],"(Agriculture":[204],"&":[205],"service).":[206],"behaviour.":[216,253],"independent":[218],"variables:":[219,241],"Education,":[220,243],"Income,":[221,244],"Extension":[222,245],"participation,":[223],"Age,":[224,242],"Family":[225],"exhibited":[226],"positive":[227],"statistically":[229],"significant":[230],"correlation":[231],"with":[232,261],"respondents.":[238],"Whereas":[239],"participation":[246],"showing":[248],"more":[249],"influence":[250],"on":[251],"Entrepreneurial":[252],"main":[255],"lack":[258,277],"co-ordination":[260],"Department":[262],"Horticulture,":[264],"marketing":[265],"co-operatives,":[266],"non-availability":[267,273],"insurance":[269],"when":[270],"crop":[271],"fails,":[272],"certified":[275],"seed,":[276],"technical":[279],"help,":[280],"knowledge":[281],"farmer,":[284],"low":[285],"market":[286],"value":[287],"cost":[290],"inputs.":[292],"recommends":[295],"organization":[296],"trainings,":[298],"visits,":[300],"demonstration,":[301],"awareness,":[302],"exhibitions":[303],"motivate":[305],"farmers":[306],"undertaking":[308],"ventures":[310],"so":[311],"as":[312],"enhance":[314],"wellbeing":[317],"farmers.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}