{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410078976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/22751","title":"Sustainable Refugee Return: Triggers, Constraints, and Lessons on Addressing the Development Challenges of Forced Displacement","display_name":"Sustainable Refugee Return: Triggers, Constraints, and Lessons on Addressing the Development Challenges of Forced Displacement","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410078976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/22751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/22751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/22751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/22751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22751","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045026659","display_name":"Niels Harild","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niels Harild","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072932203","display_name":"Asger Christensen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asger Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001451692","display_name":"Roger Zetter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-2878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-2878"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Zetter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90384111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.7788000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.7788000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14062","display_name":"Migration and Exile Studies","score":0.09040000289678574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14226","display_name":"Migration, Racism, and Human Rights","score":0.065700002014637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-return","display_name":"refugee return","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-return","display_name":"sustainable return","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durable-solutions","display_name":"durable solutions","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-displacement","display_name":"forced displacement","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protracted-displacement","display_name":"protracted displacement","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-decision-making","display_name":"refugee decision-making","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reintegration","display_name":"reintegration","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-issues","display_name":"development challenges","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/country-of-origin","display_name":"country of origin","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asylum","display_name":"asylum","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconstruction-and-development","display_name":"reconstruction and development","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-bank","display_name":"World Bank","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peacebuilding","display_name":"peacebuilding","score":0.7110000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.8222848176956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541189924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837556","display_name":"Forced migration","level":3,"score":0.8209015130996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6621061563491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.5121998190879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104513104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837556","display_name":"Displaced person","level":3,"score":0.46786215901374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.406111478805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3209325075149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16273510456085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/22751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/22751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/22751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/22751","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/22751","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139941921","https://openalex.org/W3196922912","https://openalex.org/W2803351975","https://openalex.org/W2866594282","https://openalex.org/W2983894548","https://openalex.org/W2020099619","https://openalex.org/W4404277293","https://openalex.org/W7214033868","https://openalex.org/W3105651466","https://openalex.org/W7148359704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Refugee":[0],"return":[1,46,60,136,158,163,210,240],"is":[2,31,91,245],"one":[3],"of":[4,28,83,88,127,171,180,227],"the":[5,23,34,38,78,81,89,94,125,134,146,151,169,178,195,235,254],"three":[6],"so-called":[7],"durable":[8,213],"solutions":[9],"to":[10,32,47,92,109,124,133,184,203,209,221,238,241,247],"refugee":[11,155],"displacement":[12,44,112,129],"envisaged":[13],"by":[14,40,55,72,77,113,189],"United":[15],"Nations":[16],"High":[17],"Commissioner":[18],"for":[19,139],"Refugees":[20],"(UNHCR)":[21],"and":[22,54,66,76,98,137,175,187,191,202,223,229,256,260,275],"international":[24],"community.":[25],"The":[26,85,165],"objective":[27],"this":[29],"study":[30,90,144,166],"identify":[33],"conditions":[35,170],"that":[36,115,121,198,237],"influence":[37],"decisions":[39,58],"refugees":[41,206],"in":[42,74,80,173,177,211,218,225],"protracted":[43],"regarding":[45,157],"their":[48],"home":[49],"country":[50,82,97,162,179],"-":[51],"when,":[52],"why,":[53],"whom":[56],"are":[57,68,122],"on":[59,107,150,154],"or":[61,215],"other":[62,219],"coping":[63],"strategies":[64],"made,":[65],"how":[67],"they":[69],"affected":[70],"both":[71,168,253],"life":[73,172],"exile":[75,228],"situation":[79],"origin.":[84,230],"primary":[86],"purpose":[87],"inform":[93],"World":[95,196],"Bank\u2019s":[96],"regional":[99],"strategies,":[100],"as":[101,103],"well":[102,116],"its":[104],"operational":[105],"approaches":[106],"ways":[108,220],"address":[110,249],"forced":[111],"showing":[114],"thought":[117],"out":[118],"development":[119,188,192,250],"actions":[120],"responsive":[123],"circumstances":[126],"specific":[128],"situations":[130],"can":[131],"contribute":[132],"sustainable":[135],"reintegration":[138],"displaced.":[140],"Using":[141],"a":[142,212],"desk":[143],"method,":[145],"analysis":[147],"has":[148],"drawn":[149],"existing":[152],"literature":[153],"decision-making":[156],"together":[159],"with":[160],"eight":[161],"cases.":[164],"assesses":[167],"asylum":[174],"those":[176,257],"origin":[181],"including":[182,194],"activities":[183],"support":[185],"reconstruction":[186],"governments":[190],"actors":[193],"Bank,":[197],"have":[199,216],"influenced":[200],"whether,":[201],"which":[204],"extent,":[205],"were":[207],"able":[208],"manner":[214],"adapted":[217],"opportunities":[222],"constraints":[224],"places":[226],"This":[231],"paper":[232],"will":[233],"make":[234],"case":[236],"assist":[239],"become":[242],"sustainable,":[243],"it":[244],"necessary":[246],"also":[248],"challenges":[251],"affecting":[252],"returnees":[255],"who":[258],"remained,":[259],"these":[261],"cannot":[262],"be":[263],"met":[264],"alone":[265],"through":[266],"short-term":[267],"humanitarian":[268],"efforts":[269],"alongside":[270],"political,":[271],"social,":[272],"peace":[273],"building,":[274],"security":[276],"considerations.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-05-05T00:00:00"}
