{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410074532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","title":"The Relationship Between Opium Smoking and Sway Back Posture and Spinal Musculoskeletal Disorders","display_name":"The Relationship Between Opium Smoking and Sway Back Posture and Spinal Musculoskeletal Disorders","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410074532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","pdf_url":"http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_3a1043/omidmassah-A-10-263-1-96a31a7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238853","display_name":"Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy","issn_l":"2423-5830","issn":["2423-5830"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_3a1043/omidmassah-A-10-263-1-96a31a7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072300620","display_name":"Omid Massah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-9144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-9144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166308","display_name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05jme6y84","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166308"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omid Massah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Substance Abuse and Dependence Researcher Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Substance Abuse and Dependence Researcher Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050659082","display_name":"Amir Massoud Arab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-6100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-6100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166308","display_name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05jme6y84","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166308"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Masoud Arab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073327723","display_name":"Ali Farhoudian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-522X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-522X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-2814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Farhoudian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039856831","display_name":"Mehdi Noroozi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6511-1591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6511-1591","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-8869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166308","display_name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05jme6y84","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166308"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Noroozi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Substance Abuse and Dependence Researcher Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. - Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. & Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Substance Abuse and Dependence Researcher Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. - Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. & Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008042685","display_name":"Fahimeh Hashemirad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-9984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-9984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166308","display_name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05jme6y84","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166308"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahimeh Hashemirad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072300620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166308"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.135,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7806638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"101","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opium-smoking","display_name":"opium smoking","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-use-disorder","display_name":"opioid use disorder","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musculoskeletal-symptoms","display_name":"musculoskeletal symptoms","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homelessness","display_name":"homelessness","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neck-pain","display_name":"neck pain","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/back-pain","display_name":"back pain","score":0.7450000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779153319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46452","display_name":"Opium","level":2,"score":0.7028377056121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6169173121452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5146697163581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4628080427646637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37058502435684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11211025714874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","pdf_url":"http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_3a1043/omidmassah-A-10-263-1-96a31a7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238853","display_name":"Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy","issn_l":"2423-5830","issn":["2423-5830"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fee144f92b1e4c9fa5f2987cdb55f3d6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fee144f92b1e4c9fa5f2987cdb55f3d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physical Treatments, Vol 15, Iss 2, Pp 101-110 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ptj.15.2.263.1","pdf_url":"http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_3a1043/omidmassah-A-10-263-1-96a31a7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238853","display_name":"Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy","issn_l":"2423-5830","issn":["2423-5830"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325527","display_name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05jme6y84"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410074532.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410074532.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Relationship":[1],"Between":[2],"Opium":[3],"Smoking":[4],"and":[5,9,23,65,71,96,108,113,130,166,177,192,211,215,224,238,240],"Sway":[6],"Back":[7],"Posture":[8],"Spinal":[10],"Musculoskeletal":[11],"Disorders":[12],"Purpose:":[13],"Opioid":[14],"use":[15,86],"disorder":[16,87],"has":[17],"increased":[18],"worldwide":[19],"in":[20,27,32,39,49,144,181,204],"recent":[21],"years,":[22],"Iran":[24],"ranks":[25],"first":[26],"terms":[28,145],"of":[29,91,116,146,172,202,219,232,243],"opium":[30,54,69,85,173,178,233,249],"smoking":[31,35,55,174,179],"the":[33,114,125,169,189,194,200,220,229,244],"world.Opium":[34],"by":[36],"traditional":[37],"methods,":[38],"addition":[40],"to":[41,61,228,248],"dependence":[42],"on":[43],"morphine,":[44],"is":[45,56,77],"a":[46,78,159],"behavioral":[47],"addiction":[48],"Iran.The":[50],"body":[51],"position":[52],"during":[53],"usually":[57],"non-ergonomic.This":[58],"study":[59,139],"aims":[60],"compare":[62],"sway-back":[63],"posture":[64,149,165,214,231,245],"musculoskeletal":[66,109,167,217],"problems":[67],"between":[68],"smokers":[70],"non-drug":[72,98],"users.Methods:":[73],"This":[74],"cross-sectional":[75],"research":[76],"comparative":[79],"study.We":[80],"selected":[81],"80":[82],"people":[83],"with":[84,162],"(whose":[88],"main":[89],"method":[90],"their":[92],"consumption":[93],"was":[94,120,188],"smoking)":[95],"74":[97],"users.We":[99],"compared":[100],"them":[101],"regarding":[102],"sway":[103,147,163,209,212],"angle":[104,210],"(sway":[105],"back":[106,148,152,155,164,213,226],"posture)":[107],"complaints":[110,218],"(NORDIC":[111],"questionnaire),":[112],"association":[115],"possible":[117],"risk":[118],"factors":[119],"investigated.We":[121],"analyzed":[122],"data":[123],"using":[124,133],"Kolmogorov-Smirnov":[126],"test,":[127],"correlation":[128,161],"coefficient,":[129],"paired":[131],"t-test":[132],"SPSS":[134],"software,":[135],"version":[136],"23.Results:":[137],"Two":[138],"groups":[140],"were":[141,185],"significantly":[142,186],"different":[143],"(P=0.007),neck":[150],"(P<0.001),upper":[151],"(P<0.001),and":[153],"lower":[154,225],"(P=0.006)musculoskeletal":[156],"complaints.Homelessness":[157],"had":[158,193],"significant":[160],"complaints.Also,":[168],"daily":[170],"duration":[171,180,201],"(in":[175,183],"minutes)":[176],"lifetime":[182],"months)":[184],"correlated.Homelessness":[187],"strongest":[190,195],"predictor":[191],"correlation.Conclusion:":[196],"In":[197],"general,":[198],"increasing":[199],"sitting":[203],"non-ergonomic":[205],"positions":[206],"can":[207],"increase":[208,216],"neck,":[221],"upper":[222],"back,":[223],"due":[227,247],"non-neutral":[230],"smoking.It":[234],"seems":[235],"that":[236],"plasticity":[237],"structural":[239],"functional":[241],"adaptations":[242],"occur":[246],"smoking.So,":[250],"further":[251],"studies":[252],"are":[253],"recommended.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}