{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410069722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","title":"Enhanced Detection of High Impedance Faults in Smart Distribution Networks Using Differential Energy Indicators","display_name":"Enhanced Detection of High Impedance Faults in Smart Distribution Networks Using Differential Energy Indicators","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410069722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","pdf_url":"https://ejournal.unkhair.ac.id/index.php/protk/article/download/9397/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174784","display_name":"PROtek Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro","issn_l":"2354-8924","issn":["2354-8924","2527-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130536011","host_organization_name":"Khairun University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130536011"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ejournal.unkhair.ac.id/index.php/protk/article/download/9397/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060937583","display_name":"Andi Syarifuddin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116576","display_name":"Universitas Muslim Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/02c0s8023","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andi Syarifuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061084577","display_name":"Salmiah Salmiah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116576","display_name":"Universitas Muslim Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/02c0s8023","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salmiah Salmiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024834204","display_name":"Muhammad Anas Masa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116576","display_name":"Universitas Muslim Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/02c0s8023","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Anas Masa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Syahrul Syahrul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116576","display_name":"Universitas Muslim Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/02c0s8023","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syahrul Syahrul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117428547","display_name":"Nurul Nurul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116576","display_name":"Universitas Muslim Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/02c0s8023","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Nurul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018854345","display_name":"Hariani Ma\u2019tang Pakka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-3163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-3163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116576","display_name":"Universitas Muslim Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/02c0s8023","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hariani Ma\u2019tang Pakka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Muslim Indonesia\r\nJl. Urip Sumoharjo No.km.5, Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116576"],"apc_list":{"value":500000,"currency":"IDR","value_usd":32},"apc_paid":{"value":500000,"currency":"IDR","value_usd":32},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06417197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"99","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-impedance-faults","display_name":"high impedance faults","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection","display_name":"fault detection","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-distribution-networks","display_name":"smart distribution networks","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-distribution-networks","display_name":"active distribution networks","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-sequence-current","display_name":"positive sequence current","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"distributed generation","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-switching","display_name":"load switching","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor-switching","display_name":"capacitor switching","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-loads","display_name":"nonlinear loads","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5418416261672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.5173877477645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174268685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769127","display_name":"High impedance","level":3,"score":0.48145145177841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44943228363990784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4236806333065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38499411940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2510318160057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22057369351387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20913448929786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20528501272201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17273259162902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08384039998054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.08100685477256775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","pdf_url":"https://ejournal.unkhair.ac.id/index.php/protk/article/download/9397/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174784","display_name":"PROtek Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro","issn_l":"2354-8924","issn":["2354-8924","2527-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130536011","host_organization_name":"Khairun University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130536011"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c227538362074fa2a2d3f167e22f5f30","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c227538362074fa2a2d3f167e22f5f30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Protek: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 99-105 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397","pdf_url":"https://ejournal.unkhair.ac.id/index.php/protk/article/download/9397/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174784","display_name":"PROtek Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro","issn_l":"2354-8924","issn":["2354-8924","2527-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130536011","host_organization_name":"Khairun University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130536011"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410069722.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410069722.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283824105","https://openalex.org/W1531270253","https://openalex.org/W2004392033","https://openalex.org/W2123710183","https://openalex.org/W4206228631","https://openalex.org/W2179475672","https://openalex.org/W2351169659","https://openalex.org/W3135656270","https://openalex.org/W2296154764","https://openalex.org/W2545707526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,92,114],"detection":[1,51,78,97],"of":[2,53],"high":[3,130],"impedance":[4],"faults":[5,59],"(HIFs)":[6],"plays":[7],"a":[8,30],"crucial":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11,26,62],"modern":[12],"active":[13],"distribution":[14,127],"systems":[15,126],"to":[16,37,40],"prevent":[17],"risks":[18],"like":[19],"equipment":[20],"failures,":[21],"fire":[22],"incidents,":[23],"and":[24,43,68,99,110,123],"disruptions":[25],"service,":[27],"while":[28],"maintaining":[29],"stable":[31],"power":[32],"supply.":[33],"HIFs":[34,101],"are":[35],"challenging":[36],"detect":[38],"due":[39],"their":[41],"low-magnitude":[42],"fluctuating":[44],"fault":[45,90,96],"currents,":[46],"often":[47],"falling":[48],"below":[49],"the":[50],"thresholds":[52],"conventional":[54],"protection":[55],"mechanisms.":[56],"These":[57],"undetected":[58],"can":[60],"result":[61],"significant":[63],"safety":[64],"hazards,":[65],"economic":[66],"losses,":[67],"compromised":[69],"system":[70],"reliability.":[71],"This":[72],"study":[73],"presents":[74],"an":[75],"enhanced":[76],"HIF":[77],"method":[79,115],"leveraging":[80],"differential":[81],"energy":[82],"indicators":[83],"derived":[84],"from":[85,102],"positive-sequence":[86],"current":[87],"components":[88],"during":[89],"events.":[91],"proposed":[93],"approach":[94],"improves":[95],"accuracy":[98],"discriminates":[100],"nonfault":[103],"transients,":[104],"including":[105],"load":[106,112],"switching,":[107,109],"capacitor":[108],"nonlinear":[111],"effects.":[113],"was":[116],"validated":[117],"through":[118],"simulations":[119],"on":[120],"adapted":[121],"IEEE-13":[122],"IEEE-34":[124],"bus":[125],"networks":[128],"with":[129],"distributed":[131],"generation":[132],"(DG)":[133],"penetration.":[134],"Results":[135],"demonstrated":[136],"faster":[137],"response":[138],"times":[139],"(":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
