{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410065327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaf035","title":"Nationwide evaluation of readability, quality, and cultural sensitivity of online brain cancer education materials in the United States","display_name":"Nationwide evaluation of readability, quality, and cultural sensitivity of online brain cancer education materials in the United States","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410065327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaf035","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41080194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nop/npaf035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaf035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaf035","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nop/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/nop/npaf035/63052066/npaf035.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735333031","display_name":"Neuro-Oncology Practice","issn_l":"2054-2577","issn":["2054-2577","2054-2585"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuro-Oncology Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nop/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/nop/npaf035/63052066/npaf035.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093276036","display_name":"Joelle Nilak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3130-1399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3130-1399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joelle Nilak","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3130-1399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117426817","display_name":"Lauren Spadt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9266-2640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9266-2640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren Spadt","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9266-2640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029624096","display_name":"Adam Louis Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-2287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-2287"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800468613","display_name":"Inova Fairfax Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0212h5y77","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116530498","https://openalex.org/I2800468613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam L Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oncology, Inova Schar Cancer Institute , Fairfax, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-2287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oncology, Inova Schar Cancer Institute , Fairfax, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800468613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029624096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800468613"],"apc_list":{"value":5036,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5036},"apc_paid":{"value":5036,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5036},"fwci":1.2113,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77035592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"901","last_page":"911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10827","display_name":"Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12027","display_name":"Social Media in Health Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-tumors","display_name":"brain tumors","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-education-materials","display_name":"patient education materials","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-health-information","display_name":"online health information","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"readability","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-sensitivity","display_name":"cultural sensitivity","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-quality","display_name":"health information quality","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-associations","display_name":"patient associations","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discern","display_name":"DISCERN","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-needs","display_name":"patient needs","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nci-designated-cancer-centers","display_name":"NCI-designated cancer centers","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.9052826762199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5126951932907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4982736110687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992397558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5188450","display_name":"Cultural sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.4831211268901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4713439643383026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41783392429351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.40269601345062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3896014094352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3424667418003082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26942282915115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15216690301895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.13556042313575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.07662135362625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/nop/npaf035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaf035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaf035","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nop/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/nop/npaf035/63052066/npaf035.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735333031","display_name":"Neuro-Oncology Practice","issn_l":"2054-2577","issn":["2054-2577","2054-2585"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuro-Oncology Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41080194","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41080194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuro-oncology practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11316734","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12508747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12508747","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12508747/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neurooncol Pract","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nop/npaf035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaf035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaf035","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nop/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/nop/npaf035/63052066/npaf035.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735333031","display_name":"Neuro-Oncology Practice","issn_l":"2054-2577","issn":["2054-2577","2054-2585"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuro-Oncology Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306390","display_name":"Inova Health System Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04mrb6c22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410065327.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410065327.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481128830","https://openalex.org/W1491359083","https://openalex.org/W1597645691","https://openalex.org/W1602368597","https://openalex.org/W1967390364","https://openalex.org/W1982554142","https://openalex.org/W2002161504","https://openalex.org/W2008514339","https://openalex.org/W2033731771","https://openalex.org/W2048587526","https://openalex.org/W2049313713","https://openalex.org/W2095640165","https://openalex.org/W2123109647","https://openalex.org/W2322798336","https://openalex.org/W2344426823","https://openalex.org/W2796623713","https://openalex.org/W2886673652","https://openalex.org/W2901782134","https://openalex.org/W2913193659","https://openalex.org/W2990157822","https://openalex.org/W3007205467","https://openalex.org/W3024990341","https://openalex.org/W3087391747","https://openalex.org/W3138980042","https://openalex.org/W4280627497","https://openalex.org/W4292361644","https://openalex.org/W4321445965","https://openalex.org/W4387666599","https://openalex.org/W4393851694","https://openalex.org/W4403512447","https://openalex.org/W6631479887","https://openalex.org/W6658929216","https://openalex.org/W6700559481","https://openalex.org/W6704759443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964661231","https://openalex.org/W4254960163","https://openalex.org/W3110264473","https://openalex.org/W2999103397","https://openalex.org/W2370831213","https://openalex.org/W4315704968","https://openalex.org/W4285478380","https://openalex.org/W2100255360","https://openalex.org/W2032810564","https://openalex.org/W2107506952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Patients":[1],"with":[2,153],"primary":[3],"brain":[4,35,106,119,137,146,166,188,201],"tumors":[5],"navigate":[6],"a":[7,80,208],"devastating":[8],"diagnosis":[9],"and":[10,12,26,42,51,55,58,76,90,109,140,169,195,213,237],"cognitive":[11],"physical":[13],"decline.":[14],"Available":[15],"educational":[16],"materials":[17,204],"should":[18],"be":[19,217],"easily":[20],"comprehensible,":[21],"informative,":[22],"reliable,":[23],"culturally":[24],"sensitive,":[25],"patient":[27,43,111,141,172,184,249],"oriented.":[28],"Methods:":[29],"We":[30,68],"assessed":[31],"websites":[32,122],"of":[33,79,92,104,118,161,165,171,231],"major":[34],"tumor":[36,83,107,120,138,147,167,189,202],"centers":[37,84,108,139,148,168],"in":[38,134],"the":[39,62,97,159],"United":[40],"States":[41],"organizations":[44,112,144,173,243],"for":[45,247],"readability":[46,135],"using":[47,53,61],"multiple":[48],"calculators,":[49],"quality":[50,151,230],"reliability":[52],"DISCERN":[54],"JAMA":[56],"tools,":[57],"cultural":[59,180,214],"sensitivity":[60,181,215],"Cultural":[63],"Sensitivity":[64],"Assessment":[65],"Tool":[66],"scale.":[67],"determined":[69],"whether":[70],"sites":[71],"addressed":[72,191],"practical,":[73,192],"emotional,":[74,194],"social,":[75,193],"spiritual":[77,196],"needs":[78],"patient.":[81],"Brain":[82,99],"were":[85,113,123],"categorized":[86],"based":[87,157],"on":[88,149,158,178],"NCI-designation":[89],"fulfillment":[91],"Guiding":[93],"Principles":[94],"developed":[95],"by":[96,219],"American":[98],"Tumor":[100],"Association.":[101],"Results:":[102],"Websites":[103],"91":[105],"8":[110],"examined.":[114],"Fewer":[115],"than":[116],"10%":[117],"centers'":[121],"readable":[124],"at":[125,175,207],"an":[126],"eighth-grade":[127],"level.":[128,211],"There":[129],"was":[130],"no":[131,154],"significant":[132],"difference":[133],"between":[136],"organizations.":[142],"Patient":[143,242],"outperformed":[145],"both":[150],"measures,":[152],"differences":[155],"seen":[156],"category":[160],"centers.":[162],"Only":[163],"48%":[164],"63%":[170],"scored":[174],"recommended":[176],"levels":[177],"all":[179],"scales.":[182],"Most":[183],"organizations,":[185],"but":[186],"few":[187],"centers,":[190],"needs.":[197,250],"Conclusions:":[198],"Publicly":[199],"available":[200],"education":[203],"are":[205],"frequently":[206],"high":[209],"reading":[210],"Quality":[212],"can":[216,244],"improved":[218],"citing":[220],"sources,":[221],"describing":[222,225],"treatment":[223],"risks,":[224],"outcomes":[226],"without":[227],"treatment,":[228,234],"addressing":[229,235,248],"life":[232],"during":[233],"myths,":[236],"visually":[238],"representing":[239],"more":[240],"patients.":[241],"provide":[245],"models":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
