{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410057230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251339721","title":"Balancing environmental, economic and public health: The cost of swimming pool water circulation","display_name":"Balancing environmental, economic and public health: The cost of swimming pool water circulation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410057230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251339721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/01436244251339721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251339721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251339721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146335943","display_name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","issn_l":"0143-6244","issn":["0143-6244","1477-0849"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Building Services Engineering Research & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251339721","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073518674","display_name":"Timothy Ian Marjoribanks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-2952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-2952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy I Marjoribanks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University","School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-2952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106445894","display_name":"Lester P. Simmonds","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lester P Simmonds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pool Sentry Ltd","Pool Sentry Ltd., Ashbourne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pool Sentry Ltd","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pool Sentry Ltd., Ashbourne, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Martin Wood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pool Sentry Ltd","Pool Sentry Ltd., Ashbourne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pool Sentry Ltd","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pool Sentry Ltd., Ashbourne, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073518674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"fwci":1.2923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77133173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"529","last_page":"544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.7006999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.7006999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.06930000334978104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.05460000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"carbon footprint","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-backwashing","display_name":"filter backwashing","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-costs","display_name":"energy costs","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-infrastructure","display_name":"public health infrastructure","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency-interventions","display_name":"energy efficiency interventions","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"water quality","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability-policy","display_name":"sustainability policy","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11111821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205880","display_name":"Circulation (fluid dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6432174444198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5168176889419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994011114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81041","display_name":"Water circulation","level":3,"score":0.46807751059532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.37094080448150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3360535502433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3224586844444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2921024560928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2277122437953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10195091366767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201289731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172599","display_name":"Inlet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/01436244251339721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251339721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251339721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146335943","display_name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","issn_l":"0143-6244","issn":["0143-6244","1477-0849"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Building Services Engineering Research & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.5092299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5092299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5092299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/28930283","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Balancing_environmental_economic_and_public_health_the_cost_of_swimming_pool_water_circulation/28930283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/01436244251339721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251339721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251339721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146335943","display_name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","issn_l":"0143-6244","issn":["0143-6244","1477-0849"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Building Services Engineering Research & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029521984","https://openalex.org/W2046336543","https://openalex.org/W2490701877","https://openalex.org/W2590799389","https://openalex.org/W2921494281","https://openalex.org/W3034753358","https://openalex.org/W3183296312","https://openalex.org/W3198314467","https://openalex.org/W4223578717","https://openalex.org/W4323348580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347493350","https://openalex.org/W2389117401","https://openalex.org/W2391496396","https://openalex.org/W2389322380","https://openalex.org/W2381337682","https://openalex.org/W2360385795","https://openalex.org/W2389067877","https://openalex.org/W2374714774","https://openalex.org/W610442147","https://openalex.org/W2351844584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Swimming":[0],"pools":[1,61],"are":[2,16],"critical":[3],"public":[4],"health":[5],"infrastructure":[6],"that":[7,81],"provide":[8],"benefits":[9],"to":[10,21,32,36,44,48,64,91,134,159,184],"diverse":[11],"user":[12],"groups.":[13],"However,":[14],"they":[15],"also":[17,168],"energy-intensive":[18],"and":[19,70,123,151,192,225],"expensive":[20],"operate.":[22],"Therefore,":[23],"national":[24,95,163],"policies":[25],"regarding":[26],"swimming":[27,60,75,197,213],"pool":[28,76,87,139,166,175,204,215],"circulation":[29,167],"requirements":[30,172],"need":[31],"balance":[33],"these":[34,153],"factors":[35],"ensure":[37],"multidimensional":[38],"sustainability.":[39],"We":[40,53,129],"develop":[41],"a":[42,101],"methodology":[43],"gather":[45],"quantitative":[46],"information":[47],"support":[49],"industry-wide":[50],"policy":[51,185],"recommendations.":[52],"use":[54,85,125,137],"openly-available":[55],"data":[56],"from":[57,121],"6433":[58],"non-domestic":[59,196],"in":[62,138],"England":[63],"estimate":[65],"national-scale":[66],"energy":[67,84,122,136,221],"use,":[68],"cost":[69,102],"carbon":[71,119],"footprint":[72,120],"associated":[73,111],"with":[74,112,206],"circulation.":[77],"Our":[78],"results":[79,178],"show":[80],"total":[82],"annual":[83,118],"for":[86,173],"water":[88,124,140,147],"circulation,":[89,141],"assumed":[90],"be":[92],"operating":[93],"within":[94,212],"guidelines,":[96],"is":[97,110,126],"369,000":[98],"MWh":[99,108],"at":[100],"of":[103,195,208],"\u00a3100M.":[104],"A":[105],"further":[106],"109,000":[107],"(\u00a36.33M)":[109],"filter":[113],"backwashing":[114],"processes.":[115],"The":[116,177],"combined":[117],"98,400":[127],"tCO2e.":[128],"investigate":[130],"three":[131],"industry-recognised":[132],"interventions":[133,211],"reduce":[135,155,220],"which":[142],"would":[143],"not":[144],"typically":[145],"compromise":[146],"quality":[148],"or":[149],"safety,":[150],"demonstrate":[152,179],"could":[154,187],"costs":[156,224],"by":[157],"up":[158],"70%.":[160],"Differences":[161],"between":[162],"guidelines":[164,186],"on":[165,189],"suggest":[169],"overly":[170],"cautious":[171],"certain":[174],"types.":[176],"the":[180,190],"substantial":[181],"impact":[182],"changes":[183],"have":[188],"financial":[191],"environmental":[193],"sustainability":[194],"pools.":[198],"Practical":[199],"Application":[200],"This":[201],"paper":[202],"provides":[203],"operators":[205],"evidence":[207],"how":[209],"operational":[210],"typical":[214],"pumping":[216],"systems":[217],"can":[218],"substantially":[219],"usage,":[222],"running":[223],"emissions.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}