{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410033792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","title":"Etude socio d\u00e9mographique des maraichers, leurs pratiques culturales et de fertilisation \u00e0 Franceville et Moanda, au Sud-Est du Gabon","display_name":"Etude socio d\u00e9mographique des maraichers, leurs pratiques culturales et de fertilisation \u00e0 Franceville et Moanda, au Sud-Est du Gabon","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410033792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166"},"language":"fr","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","pdf_url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/19427/19107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764799362","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","issn_l":"1857-7431","issn":["1857-7431","1857-7881"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800573","host_organization_name":"European Scientific Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800573"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Scientific Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/19427/19107","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036687955","display_name":"Ya\u00eblle Christie Massounga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya\u00eblle Christie Massounga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093876312","display_name":"Ranaud Allogo Abessolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7710-5946","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7710-5946"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranaud Allogo Abessolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030556882","display_name":"Armel Mouketou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armel Mouketou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013986369","display_name":"Antoine Mitte Mbeang Beyeme","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoine Mitte Mbeang Beyeme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001540705","display_name":"Henri Nzandi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henri Nzandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117413640","display_name":"Ice Okili Okie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ice Okili Okie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117413641","display_name":"Phalonne Manguila Mboukou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phalonne Manguila Mboukou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063141550","display_name":"Maurice Ognalaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4469-6744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4469-6744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurice Ognalaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023119711","display_name":"Norbert Ondo Zue Abaga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Ondo Zue Abaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facult\u00e9 des Sciences (FS), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences (FS), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000289028","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Mombo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-3330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-3330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131477","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0njg03","country_code":"GA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}],"countries":["GA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephane Mombo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facult\u00e9 des Sciences (FS), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences (FS), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131477"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117413637","display_name":"Lin Randy Essono Mbengha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Randy Essono Mbengha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (IRSH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (IRSH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05601907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"12","first_page":"166","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.3481000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.3481000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.18209999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.16359999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practice","display_name":"practice","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetable-farmers","display_name":"vegetable farmers","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-management","display_name":"fertilizer management","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-fertilizers","display_name":"mineral fertilizers","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-fertilizer","display_name":"organic fertilizer","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manure","display_name":"manure","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea","display_name":"urea","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/npk-fertilizer","display_name":"NPK fertilizer","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-dose","display_name":"fertilizer dose","score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-farming","display_name":"family farming","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-tenure","display_name":"land tenure","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compost","display_name":"compost","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-manure","display_name":"green manure","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-agriculture","display_name":"sustainable agriculture","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabon","display_name":"Gabon","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solanaceae","display_name":"Solanaceae","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malvaceae","display_name":"Malvaceae","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility","display_name":"soil fertility","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact","display_name":"environmental impact","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3472268581390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3253442943096161}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","pdf_url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/19427/19107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764799362","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","issn_l":"1857-7431","issn":["1857-7431","1857-7881"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800573","host_organization_name":"European Scientific Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800573"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Scientific Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/331308","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/331308","pdf_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/331308/1/_19427-Article%20Text-56380-1-10-20250429.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401300","display_name":"ORBi (University of Li\u00e8ge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","host_organization_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal, 21(12) (166) (2025-04-30)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2025.v21n12p166","pdf_url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/19427/19107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764799362","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","issn_l":"1857-7431","issn":["1857-7431","1857-7881"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800573","host_organization_name":"European Scientific Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800573"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Scientific Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410033792.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410033792.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589682413","https://openalex.org/W1753947090","https://openalex.org/W1977351556","https://openalex.org/W2124600590","https://openalex.org/W2332811626","https://openalex.org/W2739972260","https://openalex.org/W2742686652","https://openalex.org/W2793629079","https://openalex.org/W2952678027","https://openalex.org/W3017380207","https://openalex.org/W3107064252","https://openalex.org/W4313893620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992525261","https://openalex.org/W4414833292","https://openalex.org/W3172880222","https://openalex.org/W4395041809","https://openalex.org/W4282974313","https://openalex.org/W7214750318","https://openalex.org/W4291010305","https://openalex.org/W7065627432","https://openalex.org/W2774833562","https://openalex.org/W2991454787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Une":[0],"\u00e9tude":[1],"sociod\u00e9mographique":[2],"des":[3,30,93,109,116,121,126,143,195,220,226,240,243],"maraichers,":[4,67],"leurs":[5],"pratiques":[6,88],"culturales":[7,89],"et":[8,16,27,44,83,138,151,184,232,242,255],"de":[9,38,42,52,64,73,96,157,172,205,215,257],"fertilisation":[10],"a":[11,33,62],"\u00e9t\u00e9":[12,130],"men\u00e9e":[13],"\u00e0":[14,35,98,174],"Franceville":[15,274],"Moanda.":[17,276],"L\u2018objectif":[18],"vis\u00e9":[19],"\u00e9tait":[20],"d\u2019actualiser":[21],"les":[22,40,133,139,165,230],"connaissances":[23],"sur":[24,229],"le":[25,148,152,201],"maraichage":[26],"la":[28],"gestion":[29,142],"engrais.":[31],"L\u2019\u00e9tude":[32],"consist\u00e9":[34],"un":[36],"recensement":[37],"tous":[39],"sites":[41,298],"production":[43,297],"une":[45,252],"enqu\u00eate":[46],"individuelle.":[47],"La":[48,101,141,193],"superficie":[49],"totale":[50],"est":[51,104,111,145,198,204],"84,1":[53],"ha":[54,58,177,311,316],"soit":[55,187],"0,491\u00b1":[56],"0,57":[57],"par":[59,147],"maraicher.":[60],"L\u2019enqu\u00eate":[61],"permis":[63],"recenser":[65],"171":[66,323],"en":[68],"majorit\u00e9":[69],"allog\u00e8nes":[70],"83":[71],"%,":[72],"sexe":[74],"masculin":[75],"(88":[76],"%),":[77,107],"sans":[78,218],"niveau":[79,153],"d\u2019\u00e9tude":[80],"(56":[81],"%)":[82],"aucune":[84],"formation":[85],"aux":[86,249],"bonnes":[87],"(78":[90],"%).":[91],"L\u2019\u00e2ge":[92],"producteurs":[94,117],"varie":[95],"20":[97,356],"65":[99,358],"ans.":[100],"main":[102],"d\u2019\u0153uvre":[103],"familiale":[105],"(44":[106],"l\u2019acquisition":[108],"terres":[110],"pr\u00e9caire,":[112],"avec":[113],"73":[114],"%":[115,182],"qui":[118,197],"sont":[119,136,159,213],"gardiens":[120],"terrains.":[122],"Dix":[123],"familles":[124],"botaniques":[125],"cultures":[127],"maraich\u00e8res":[128],"ont":[129],"recens\u00e9es":[131],"dont":[132],"plus":[134,163,202],"cultiv\u00e9es":[135],"Solanac\u00e9es":[137],"Malvac\u00e9es.":[140],"engrais":[144,156,166,212,244],"influenc\u00e9":[146],"pays":[149],"d\u2019origine":[150],"d\u2019instruction.":[154],"Les":[155,168,211],"synth\u00e8se":[158],"utilis\u00e9s":[160,214],"deux":[161],"fois":[162],"que":[164],"organiques.":[167],"doses":[169,221,418],"moyennes":[170],"varient":[171],"800":[173,421],"1200":[175,423],"kg/":[176],"respectivement":[178],"pour":[179,251],"l\u2019ur\u00e9e":[180],"(46":[181],"N)":[183,429],"NPK":[185,431],"15-15-15":[186],"107,08":[188],"\u00b1":[189,207,314,435,454],"13,26":[190],"g/":[191,209],"m2.":[192,210],"dose":[194,439],"fientes,":[196],"l\u2019engrais":[199],"organique":[200],"utilis\u00e9":[203],"1580":[206,453],"480":[208,455],"fa\u00e7on":[216],"empirique,":[217],"respect":[219],"r\u00e9command\u00e9es.":[222],"Cela":[223],"pourrait":[224],"avoir":[225],"cons\u00e9quences":[227],"n\u00e9fastes":[228],"sols":[231],"l\u2019environnement.":[233,258],"Des":[234],"alternatives":[235,479],"agro-":[236],"\u00e9cologiques":[237],"comme":[238],"l\u2019usage":[239],"composts":[241],"verts":[245],"devraient":[246],"etre":[247],"propos\u00e9es":[248],"agriculteurs,":[250],"agriculture":[253],"durable":[254],"respectueuse":[256],"A":[259],"socio-demographic":[260],"study":[261,290],"of":[262,292,295,302,328,338,351,374,382,389,400,405,440,450,488],"vegetable":[263,284],"farms":[264],"and":[265,268,275,286,299,341,367,391,402,430,475,490,495],"their":[266],"farming":[267,285,346],"fertilization":[269],"practices":[270,347],"was":[271,279],"conducted":[272],"in":[273,344],"The":[277,289,306,320,349,360,438],"aim":[278],"to":[280,357,422,483],"update":[281],"knowledge":[282],"on":[283,472],"fertilizer":[287,447],"management.":[288],"consisted":[291],"the":[293,300,326,352,386,398,403,443,463,473,476,486],"identification":[294],"all":[296],"administration":[301],"an":[303],"individual":[304],"survey.":[305],"total":[307],"area":[308],"is":[309,362,370,395,452],"84.1":[310],"or":[312,433],"0.491":[313],"0.57":[315],"per":[317],"market":[318,324],"gardener.":[319],"survey":[321],"identified":[322],"gardeners,":[325],"majority":[327],"whom":[329],"were":[330,384],"foreigners":[331],"(83%),":[332],"male":[333],"(88%),":[334],"with":[335,372],"no":[336,342],"level":[337,404],"education":[339],"(56%)":[340],"training":[343],"good":[345],"(78%).":[348],"age":[350],"farmers":[353,484],"ranges":[354],"from":[355,420],"years.":[359],"workforce":[361],"mainly":[363],"family":[364],"labor":[365],"(44%),":[366],"land":[368],"acquisition":[369],"precarious,":[371],"73%":[373],"producers":[375],"being":[376],"security":[377],"guards.":[378],"Ten":[379],"botanical":[380],"families":[381],"crops":[383],"identified,":[385],"most":[387,444],"cultivated":[388],"Solanaceae":[390],"Malvaceae.":[392],"Fertilizer":[393],"management":[394],"influenced":[396],"by":[397,448],"country":[399],"origin":[401],"education.":[406],"Synthetic":[407],"fertilizers":[408],"are":[409,458],"used":[410,445,459],"twice":[411],"as":[412,414,485],"much":[413],"organic":[415,446],"fertilizers.":[416],"Average":[417],"vary":[419],"kg/ha":[424],"respectively":[425],"for":[426,493],"urea":[427],"(46%":[428],"15-15-15,":[432],"107.08":[434],"13.26":[436],"g/m2.":[437,456],"fowl":[441],"droppings,":[442],"95%":[449],"producers,":[451],"Fertilizers":[457],"subjectively,":[460],"without":[461],"respecting":[462],"prescribed":[464],"recommended":[465],"doses.":[466],"This":[467],"could":[468],"have":[469],"harmful":[470],"consequences":[471],"soil":[474],"environment.":[477],"Agro-ecological":[478],"should":[480],"be":[481],"proposed":[482],"use":[487],"compost":[489],"green":[491],"fertilizers,":[492],"sustainable":[494],"environmentally":[496],"friendly":[497],"agriculture.":[498]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2025-05-03T00:00:00"}
