{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410003422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001932","title":"Relationship between complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and posttraumatic growth among adolescents and emerging adults with adverse childhood experiences.","display_name":"Relationship between complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and posttraumatic growth among adolescents and emerging adults with adverse childhood experiences.","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410003422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001932","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40310233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/tra0001932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135207330","display_name":"Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy","issn_l":"1942-9681","issn":["1942-9681","1942-969X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357106","display_name":"Liying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4815-9590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4815-9590","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7148-6702","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4433-4292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4433-4292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049184087","display_name":"Xinchun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-0548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-0548"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinchun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-0548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060892673","display_name":"Mingxiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0473-9386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0473-9386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078901632","display_name":"Aiyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-5082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-5082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3504,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86111456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"364","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.2320999950170517,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11761","display_name":"Resilience and Mental Health","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"complex PTSD","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-traumatic-growth","display_name":"posttraumatic growth","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-childhood-experiences","display_name":"adverse childhood experiences","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-adults","display_name":"emerging adults","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disturbances-in-self-organization","display_name":"disturbances in self-organization","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appreciation-of-life","display_name":"appreciation of life","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-to-others","display_name":"relationship to others","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-analysis","display_name":"network analysis","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-profile-analysis","display_name":"latent profile analysis","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-differences","display_name":"developmental differences","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991847609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202387","display_name":"Posttraumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.8562408685684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779995187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7234505","display_name":"Posttraumatic growth","level":2,"score":0.8156201839447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908744105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105821669","display_name":"Adverse Childhood Experiences","level":3,"score":0.809874951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5149127244949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.502150297164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4773412048816681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.41539090871810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3757098317146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.30937856435775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.24232378602027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.12307906150817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.06643795967102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076783","descriptor_name":"Adverse Childhood Experiences","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076783","descriptor_name":"Adverse Childhood Experiences","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076783","descriptor_name":"Adverse Childhood Experiences","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078002","descriptor_name":"Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078002","descriptor_name":"Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078002","descriptor_name":"Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/tra0001932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135207330","display_name":"Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy","issn_l":"1942-9681","issn":["1942-9681","1942-969X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40310233","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40310233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2057329942","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23VRC014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G578555475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32071085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2724207629","https://openalex.org/W2574893467","https://openalex.org/W2890305730","https://openalex.org/W2610864513","https://openalex.org/W2235198174","https://openalex.org/W1605694712","https://openalex.org/W2002407549","https://openalex.org/W4255490494","https://openalex.org/W4390928986","https://openalex.org/W4206217269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"We":[1],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,47,65,133,211],"investigate":[4,48,66],"the":[5,49,109,116,123,136,179,203],"relationship":[6,50,68,231],"between":[7,51,78,98,192,232,238],"complex":[8],"posttraumatic":[9,15,99],"stress":[10,100],"disorder":[11],"(CPTSD)":[12],"symptoms":[13,53,83,104,155,197,224,234],"and":[14,20,33,54,75,89,105,130,143,156,171,189,198,216,225,235,240],"growth":[16,163,167,174],"(PTG)":[17],"among":[18,122,141,208,213],"adolescents":[19,32,142,239],"emerging":[21,35,144,214,241],"adults":[22,36,242],"with":[23,37,182,243],"adverse":[24,38,244],"childhood":[25,39,245],"experiences.":[26,246],"METHOD:":[27],"A":[28],"total":[29],"of":[30,81,128,153,195,206,221],"4,581":[31],"4,335":[34],"experiences":[40],"completed":[41],"questionnaires.":[42],"Network":[43],"analysis":[44,62],"was":[45,63],"used":[46,64],"CPTSD":[52,82,154,196,223,233],"PTG":[55,90,106,157,226,236],"from":[56,69],"a":[57,70],"variable-centered":[58],"perspective.":[59,72],"Latent":[60],"profile":[61,149],"this":[67],"person-centered":[71],"RESULTS:":[73],"Positive":[74],"negative":[76,188],"correlations":[77,97,191],"various":[79,193],"dimensions":[80,194],"(especially":[84],"disturbances":[85],"in":[86,102,108,178],"self-organization":[87,103],"symptoms)":[88],"were":[91,176,187],"found":[92],"by":[93],"network":[94],"analysis.":[95],"The":[96,230],"disorder/disturbances":[101],"differed":[107,237],"two":[110,124,180],"samples.":[111,125],"PTG2":[112],"(spiritual-existential":[113,218],"change)":[114,219],"had":[115,135],"highest":[117],"bridge":[118,138],"expected":[119,139],"influence":[120,140],"value":[121],"PTG1":[126],"(appreciation":[127,205],"life)":[129],"PTG4":[131],"(relation":[132],"others)":[134],"lowest":[137],"adults,":[145],"respectively.":[146],"By":[147],"latent":[148],"analysis,":[150],"five":[151],"subgroups":[152],"(low":[158],"reaction":[159],"group,":[160,164,168,170],"low":[161,165],"disorder-moderate":[162],"disorder-high":[166],"coexistence":[169],"high":[172],"disorder-low":[173],"group)":[175],"identified":[177],"samples,":[181],"different":[183],"proportions.":[184],"CONCLUSIONS:":[185],"There":[186],"positive":[190],"PTG,":[199],"which":[200],"might":[201],"reflect":[202],"constructive":[204],"life":[207],"adolescents;":[209],"relation":[210],"others":[212],"adults)":[215],"illusory":[217],"components":[220],"PTG.":[222],"exhibited":[227],"heterogeneous":[228],"characteristics.":[229],"(PsycInfo":[247],"Database":[248],"Record":[249],"(c)":[250],"2026":[251],"APA,":[252],"all":[253],"rights":[254],"reserved).":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}