{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410000384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13020023","title":"Evaluation of Content Quality of Online Health Information by Global Quality Score: A Case Study of Researchers Misnaming It and Citing Secondary Sources","display_name":"Evaluation of Content Quality of Online Health Information by Global Quality Score: A Case Study of Researchers Misnaming It and Citing Secondary Sources","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410000384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13020023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications13020023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13020023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13020023","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/13/2/23/pdf?version=1746099515","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/13/2/23/pdf?version=1746099515","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046100179","display_name":"Andy Wai Kan Yeung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3672-357X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3672-357X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andy Wai Kan Yeung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3672-357X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046100179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1689},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1689},"fwci":24.2268,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99739454,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"23","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.0908999964594841,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-quality-score","display_name":"Global Quality Score","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-health-information-quality","display_name":"online health information quality","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-practices","display_name":"citation practices","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-attribution","display_name":"source attribution","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-quality-assessment","display_name":"health information quality assessment","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.743735134601593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.4835745692253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779346075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268763","display_name":"Quality Score","level":3,"score":0.4768161177635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.4720778465270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46518462896347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45983554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3412851","display_name":"Information quality","level":3,"score":0.45364001393318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37382155656814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3077971339225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20853331685066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.13368400931358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1294921338558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.12461069226264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11382609605789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1105145514011383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0897756814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications13020023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13020023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13020023","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/13/2/23/pdf?version=1746099515","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jpubli:v:13:y:2025:i:2:p:23-:d:1648045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/13/2/23/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fb403c8fbcdf44d18dfbf63aebdab572","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fb403c8fbcdf44d18dfbf63aebdab572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publications, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 23 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications13020023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13020023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13020023","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/13/2/23/pdf?version=1746099515","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410000384.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410000384.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1825927455","https://openalex.org/W1954511783","https://openalex.org/W1963659399","https://openalex.org/W1966984794","https://openalex.org/W1975300504","https://openalex.org/W1987995035","https://openalex.org/W1990637701","https://openalex.org/W2017489434","https://openalex.org/W2123109647","https://openalex.org/W2136022845","https://openalex.org/W2166347384","https://openalex.org/W2736868680","https://openalex.org/W2802097148","https://openalex.org/W2990261396","https://openalex.org/W3130739528","https://openalex.org/W3203128680","https://openalex.org/W4280492063","https://openalex.org/W4292361644","https://openalex.org/W4296397601","https://openalex.org/W4317623480","https://openalex.org/W4380870067","https://openalex.org/W4385552873","https://openalex.org/W4400979943","https://openalex.org/W4404332529","https://openalex.org/W6641029855","https://openalex.org/W6855374965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250539519","https://openalex.org/W2383398503","https://openalex.org/W2078155713","https://openalex.org/W2389533411","https://openalex.org/W2049523684","https://openalex.org/W4400668155","https://openalex.org/W4404295977","https://openalex.org/W772235910","https://openalex.org/W4235981297","https://openalex.org/W2506074216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Global":[1,32,92],"Quality":[2,33,93],"Score":[3],"(GQS)":[4],"is":[5,27],"one":[6],"of":[7,18,45,64,78,84,126,163],"the":[8,15,23,31,42,46,53,58,76,79,100,110,124,127,144,149,152,158,166,171,176,194],"most":[9],"frequently":[10,28],"used":[11],"tools":[12],"to":[13,51,71,106,121,169,197],"evaluate":[14],"content":[16],"quality":[17],"online":[19],"health":[20],"information.":[21],"To":[22,186],"author\u2019s":[24],"knowledge,":[25],"it":[26,90,108],"misnamed":[29,89],"as":[30,41,91,109,123],"Scale,":[34,94],"and":[35,67,95,192],"occasionally":[36],"secondary":[37,132],"sources":[38],"are":[39],"cited":[40,118,165],"original":[43,111,177],"source":[44,102,125,133,146,168],"tool.":[47],"This":[48],"work":[49],"aimed":[50],"reveal":[52],"current":[54],"situation":[55],"especially":[56],"regarding":[57],"citations":[59],"among":[60],"published":[61,103,134],"studies.":[62],"Web":[63],"Science,":[65],"Scopus,":[66],"PubMed":[68],"were":[69,116],"queried":[70],"identify":[72],"papers":[73,154],"that":[74,155,157],"mentioned":[75],"use":[77],"GQS.":[80,150],"Among":[81,151],"a":[82,131,139],"total":[83],"411":[85],"analyzed":[86],"papers,":[87],"45.0%":[88],"46.5%":[96],"did":[97,179],"not":[98,180],"cite":[99,193],"primary":[101,145,167],"in":[104,135,142,174],"2007":[105],"credit":[107],"source.":[112],"Another":[113],"80":[114],"references":[115],"also":[117],"from":[119],"time":[120,122],"GQS,":[128],"led":[129],"by":[130],"2012.":[136],"There":[137],"was":[138,160],"decreasing":[140],"trend":[141],"citing":[143],"when":[147],"using":[148],"12":[153],"claimed":[156],"GQS":[159,195],"validated,":[161],"half":[162],"them":[164],"justify":[170],"claim,":[172],"but":[173],"fact":[175],"publication":[178],"mention":[181],"anything":[182],"about":[183],"its":[184],"validation.":[185],"conclude,":[187],"future":[188],"studies":[189],"should":[190],"name":[191],"properly":[196],"minimize":[198],"confusion.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-04T09:36:47.201465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
