{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409999875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/add311","title":"Improved penalized beamforming using Hilbert curves for sound source identification with a microphone array","display_name":"Improved penalized beamforming using Hilbert curves for sound source identification with a microphone array","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409999875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/add311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6501/add311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/add311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/add311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109302362","display_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","issn_l":"0957-0233","issn":["0957-0233","1361-6501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7704-8149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7704-8149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77396741","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/057cydn08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7704-8149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7966-2044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7966-2044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7966-2044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089694182","display_name":"Shen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4784-9434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4784-9434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77396741","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/057cydn08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China","Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4784-9434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101546086","display_name":"Yemei Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-4467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-4467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77396741","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/057cydn08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yemei Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China","Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-4467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100851648","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8551-971X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8551-971X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77396741","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/057cydn08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8551-971X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuexuan Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77396741","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/057cydn08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuexuan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4984,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58188765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"056134","last_page":"056134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.020400000736117363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert-curve","display_name":"Hilbert curve","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-localization","display_name":"sound localization","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone-array","display_name":"microphone array","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-beamforming","display_name":"conventional beamforming","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-product","display_name":"Hadamard product","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-efficiency","display_name":"computational efficiency","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-resolution","display_name":"spatial resolution","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7860952615737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6836768984794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778806681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907293","display_name":"Microphone array","level":4,"score":0.6766693592071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5282886624336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.47140195965766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4584363102912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.41825202107429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.4132479727268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3442593812942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1747424304485321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14695212244987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157138929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570","display_name":"Loudspeaker","level":2,"score":0.05775618553161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6501/add311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/add311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/add311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109302362","display_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","issn_l":"0957-0233","issn":["0957-0233","1361-6501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1806812964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103426","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3136459068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QL20230271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326217","funder_display_name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326217","display_name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582249177","https://openalex.org/W1973448320","https://openalex.org/W1979226744","https://openalex.org/W2001456509","https://openalex.org/W2011235948","https://openalex.org/W2076087797","https://openalex.org/W2098456627","https://openalex.org/W2099357028","https://openalex.org/W2278268182","https://openalex.org/W2438266400","https://openalex.org/W2511908615","https://openalex.org/W2528298561","https://openalex.org/W2599373668","https://openalex.org/W2600072234","https://openalex.org/W2735099784","https://openalex.org/W2791242815","https://openalex.org/W2802894744","https://openalex.org/W2899366542","https://openalex.org/W2968887503","https://openalex.org/W3022782403","https://openalex.org/W3210154287","https://openalex.org/W4200207399","https://openalex.org/W4220698233","https://openalex.org/W4221095710","https://openalex.org/W4242443232","https://openalex.org/W4249166508","https://openalex.org/W4312204561","https://openalex.org/W4386258087","https://openalex.org/W4387470097","https://openalex.org/W4404633963","https://openalex.org/W6696847449","https://openalex.org/W6700684206","https://openalex.org/W6702495555","https://openalex.org/W6703060099","https://openalex.org/W6730183222","https://openalex.org/W6730932133","https://openalex.org/W6746081488","https://openalex.org/W6748548766","https://openalex.org/W6787015496","https://openalex.org/W7037732114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896203542","https://openalex.org/W201299990","https://openalex.org/W876328409","https://openalex.org/W4319068615","https://openalex.org/W107154053","https://openalex.org/W1879255185","https://openalex.org/W2148473678","https://openalex.org/W3004719695","https://openalex.org/W2120442551","https://openalex.org/W2769861442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Conventional":[1],"beamforming":[2,41],"(CBF)":[3],"algorithm":[4,42,53,96,147,176,220],"for":[5,48],"sound":[6,28,197,203,211,240],"source":[7,29,212,241],"identification":[8,30,242],"based":[9,43,244],"on":[10,44,208,245],"microphone":[11,49,246],"arrays":[12],"have":[13],"defects":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,237],"wide":[17],"main":[18,151],"lobe":[19,152],"and":[20,32,79,88,121,140,153,163,191,225],"numerous":[21],"high":[22],"side":[23,155],"lobes.":[24],"To":[25],"improve":[26],"the":[27,45,55,59,63,72,76,80,84,91,94,98,103,108,115,119,125,132,135,145,160,167,172,174,178,188,192,196,201,210,218,228],"performance":[31,165],"computational":[33,116,179],"efficiency,":[34],"this":[35],"paper":[36],"proposes":[37],"an":[38,206],"improved":[39],"penalty":[40,69,77],"Hilbert":[46,99,126],"curves":[47],"arrays.":[50,247],"The":[51,138],"proposed":[52,95,146,175,219],"utilizes":[54],"peak":[56],"value":[57],"of":[58,75,102,124,166,194,200,213],"CBF":[60,168],"output,":[61],"normalizes":[62],"beam":[64],"output":[65],"to":[66,113,130],"construct":[67],"a":[68,149,214,238],"matrix,":[70,82],"computes":[71],"Hadamard":[73],"product":[74],"matrix":[78],"weighted":[81],"adjusts":[83],"steering":[85,136],"vector":[86],"weight,":[87],"then":[89],"calculates":[90],"output.":[92],"Moreover,":[93],"uses":[97],"curve":[100,127],"traversal":[101],"focus":[104],"plane,":[105],"which":[106,157],"optimizes":[107],"grid":[109],"point":[110],"search":[111],"strategy":[112],"increase":[114],"efficiency.":[117],"Additionally,":[118],"locality":[120],"fixed-point":[122],"properties":[123],"enable":[128],"it":[129],"reduce":[131],"errors":[133],"between":[134],"vectors.":[137],"simulations":[139],"experimental":[141],"results":[142,224],"show":[143],"that":[144],"has":[148],"narrow":[150],"low":[154],"lobes,":[156],"significantly":[158],"improves":[159],"spatial":[161],"resolution":[162],"dynamic":[164],"algorithm.":[169],"Compared":[170],"with":[171],"CBF,":[173],"increases":[177],"efficiency":[180],"by":[181],"approximately":[182],"3.5":[183],"times":[184],"while":[185],"effectively":[186],"increasing":[187],"localization":[189],"accuracy":[190,193],"identifying":[195,209],"pressure":[198],"level":[199],"estimated":[202],"source.":[204],"In":[205],"experiment":[207],"compressed":[215],"gas":[216],"leak,":[217],"produced":[221],"clear":[222],"imaging":[223],"accurately":[226],"located":[227],"leakage":[229],"source,":[230],"indicating":[231],"its":[232],"promising":[233],"engineering":[234],"application":[235],"prospects":[236],"high-performance":[239],"technology":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
