{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409983004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251339480","title":"A Systematic Review of Current Terminology for Conditions Preceding Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Evidence Synthesis to Inform an AO Spine Expert Opinion Statement","display_name":"A Systematic Review of Current Terminology for Conditions Preceding Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Evidence Synthesis to Inform an AO Spine Expert Opinion Statement","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409983004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251339480","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40304598","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12043630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/21925682251339480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251339480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251339480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739034459","display_name":"Global Spine Journal","issn_l":"2192-5682","issn":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251339480","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101243375","display_name":"Vinisha Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4378-8591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4378-8591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinisha Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113896476","display_name":"M Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4776-7596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4776-7596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Farhan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4776-7596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088551888","display_name":"Froher Yasin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Froher Yasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103210562","display_name":"Daniyal Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1011-7793","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1011-7793"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniyal Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068399614","display_name":"Jamie Brannigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-403X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-403X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamie F. M. Brannigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-403X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013093296","display_name":"Ratko Yurac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-6294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-6294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133599470","display_name":"Universidad del Desarrollo","ror":"https://ror.org/05y33vv83","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133599470"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801797538","display_name":"Cl\u00ednica Alemana","ror":"https://ror.org/028ynny55","country_code":"CL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801797538"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ratko Yurac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-6294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133599470","https://openalex.org/I2801797538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080784995","display_name":"Vishal Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-4560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-4560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishal Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051189748","display_name":"Rory K. J. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-1253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-1253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324766304","display_name":"Barrow Neurological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01fwrsq33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324766304","https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rory Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324766304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070008124","display_name":"Enrico Tessitore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-6302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-6302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106256","display_name":"University Hospital of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1pv723","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Tessitore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229","https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027528592","display_name":"Granit Molliqaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-5639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-5639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106256","display_name":"University Hospital of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1pv723","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Granit Molliqaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229","https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039567964","display_name":"Joost Dejaegher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0050-5485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0050-5485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joost Dejaegher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0050-5485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054545908","display_name":"Juan Jose Zamorano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-0784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-0784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133599470","display_name":"Universidad del Desarrollo","ror":"https://ror.org/05y33vv83","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133599470"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801797538","display_name":"Cl\u00ednica Alemana","ror":"https://ror.org/028ynny55","country_code":"CL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801797538"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153686","display_name":"Hospital del Trabajador","ror":"https://ror.org/057pdzy92","country_code":"CL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153686"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Jos\u00e9 Zamorano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile","Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-0784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133599470","https://openalex.org/I2801797538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109972420","display_name":"Guy Wynne-Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801663869","display_name":"Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/05p40t847","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801663869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Wynne-Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801663869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036293272","display_name":"Manjul Tripathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5679-3439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5679-3439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manjul Tripathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019938528","display_name":"David Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7104-122X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7104-122X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079746833","display_name":"Jose Joefrey F. Arbatin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-7977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-7977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279972","display_name":"Chong Hua Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/028gg6s12","country_code":"PH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279972"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Joefrey F. Arbatin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spine and Orthopedics, Chong Hua Hospital, Cebu, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-7977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spine and Orthopedics, Chong Hua Hospital, Cebu, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279972"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007764446","display_name":"So Kato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-2724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-2724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109338","display_name":"University of Tokyo Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/022cvpj02","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"So Kato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Spinal Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Spinal Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090183452","display_name":"Ronie Romelean Jayapalan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-4333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-4333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1296788130","display_name":"University Malaya Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkrxq08","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1296788130"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronie Romelean Jayapalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296788130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086709031","display_name":"Nicolas Dea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-8059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-8059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802832906","display_name":"Vancouver General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02zg69r60","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141074466","https://openalex.org/I2799475292","https://openalex.org/I2802832906"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Dea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I2802832906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044959686","display_name":"James Shields Harrop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0943-3406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0943-3406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James S. Harrop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068463426","display_name":"Jefferson R. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-0305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-0305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jefferson Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-0305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027259098","display_name":"Brian K. Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5089-8280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5089-8280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian K. Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074675567","display_name":"Allan R. Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-5654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-5654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan R. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086083154","display_name":"Josef Bedna\u0159\u00edk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-2383","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-2383","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8695-1834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21449261","display_name":"Masaryk University","ror":"https://ror.org/02j46qs45","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102302","display_name":"University Hospital Brno","ror":"https://ror.org/00qq1fp34","country_code":"CZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102302"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josef Bednarik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-2383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21449261","https://openalex.org/I4210102302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008265454","display_name":"Mark Kotter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-7199","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-7199"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark R. Kotter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011290231","display_name":"Benjamin Marshall Davies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin M. Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045372742","display_name":"Oliver Daniel Mowforth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-745X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-745X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver D. Mowforth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-745X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029526476","display_name":"Aria Nouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106256","display_name":"University Hospital of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1pv723","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}],"countries":["CH","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aria Nouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229","https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":12,"institutions_distinct_count":21,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029526476"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229","https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210106256"],"apc_list":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"apc_paid":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"fwci":0.8653,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62837083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"3506","last_page":"3516"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11518","display_name":"Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11518","display_name":"Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degenerative-cervical-myelopathy","display_name":"degenerative cervical myelopathy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology-standardization","display_name":"terminology standardization","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-compression","display_name":"spinal cord compression","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degenerative-spinal-disease","display_name":"degenerative spine disease","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8900624513626099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777604421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303951","display_name":"Myelopathy","level":3,"score":0.7905265092849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.727319061756134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.649676501750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.5738332867622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.48710036277770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.48422718048095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4211209714412689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.37253129482269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.3349458575248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3047221899032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.21718621253967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.07686880230903625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/21925682251339480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251339480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251339480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739034459","display_name":"Global Spine Journal","issn_l":"2192-5682","issn":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40304598","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40304598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global spine journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12043630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12043630/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/769509","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/769509","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/e64566eb-0075-43b8-9200-eece83b4479c","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine Journal, vol. 15 (7), (3506-3516)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e8c0f3c51b64c35b9ca27dbb437b0fd","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e8c0f3c51b64c35b9ca27dbb437b0fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine Journal, Vol 15 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/21925682251339480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251339480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251339480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739034459","display_name":"Global Spine Journal","issn_l":"2192-5682","issn":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3441721023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NU22-00024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321798","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo Zdravotnictv\u00ed Cesk\u00e9 Republiky"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320914","display_name":"AO Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7vb598"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321798","display_name":"Ministerstvo Zdravotnictv\u00ed Cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/00y6khe77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323829","display_name":"H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1pv723"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409983004.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409983004.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989239657","https://openalex.org/W2011613357","https://openalex.org/W2027634125","https://openalex.org/W2092058019","https://openalex.org/W2313850888","https://openalex.org/W2325562161","https://openalex.org/W2397946084","https://openalex.org/W2471940872","https://openalex.org/W2473082900","https://openalex.org/W2618522203","https://openalex.org/W2753629539","https://openalex.org/W2763933644","https://openalex.org/W2765217142","https://openalex.org/W2778193782","https://openalex.org/W2789795796","https://openalex.org/W2797615641","https://openalex.org/W2910939479","https://openalex.org/W2953876301","https://openalex.org/W2973112778","https://openalex.org/W3002745153","https://openalex.org/W3037346222","https://openalex.org/W3092996651","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3123497531","https://openalex.org/W3130791876","https://openalex.org/W3133804916","https://openalex.org/W3138831953","https://openalex.org/W3164460350","https://openalex.org/W3183200901","https://openalex.org/W3186230368","https://openalex.org/W3195479017","https://openalex.org/W3211789981","https://openalex.org/W4213223812","https://openalex.org/W4286008791","https://openalex.org/W4295913107","https://openalex.org/W4320716607","https://openalex.org/W4386910942","https://openalex.org/W4387215676","https://openalex.org/W4390058799","https://openalex.org/W4408460930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387044290","https://openalex.org/W4214855689","https://openalex.org/W4312947238","https://openalex.org/W3048674841","https://openalex.org/W4283730947","https://openalex.org/W2027634125","https://openalex.org/W3037346222","https://openalex.org/W2905894251","https://openalex.org/W4396809207","https://openalex.org/W2903587933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Study":[0],"Design":[1],"Systematic":[2],"review.":[3],"Objectives":[4],"The":[5,97],"pre-symptomatic":[6,144],"state":[7],"of":[8,37,46,55,114,171,182,242],"Degenerative":[9],"Cervical":[10],"Myelopathy":[11],"(DCM),":[12],"wherein":[13],"degenerative":[14],"changes":[15],"and":[16,28,58,68,103,148,237,255],"spinal":[17,77,172,175],"cord":[18,176],"compression":[19,78,177],"are":[20,205],"seen":[21],"without":[22],"clinical":[23,80,180,199],"findings,":[24],"is":[25,195,217,229],"poorly":[26],"understood":[27],"inconsistently":[29],"categorised.":[30],"Clear":[31],"identification":[32],"may":[33],"elucidate":[34],"the":[35,53,94,117,160,187,221,234,238,243],"temporality":[36],"DCM":[38,203],"development.":[39],"Therefore,":[40],"a":[41],"systematic":[42],"assessment":[43],"was":[44,157],"undertaken":[45],"current":[47],"terminology":[48,98],"for":[49,72,100,248],"pre-DCM":[50,101,126,210,226],"states,":[51],"with":[52,109,159,168,190,209],"objective":[54],"standardising":[56],"definitions":[57,105,247],"informing":[59],"an":[60],"AO":[61],"Spine":[62],"expert":[63],"position":[64],"statement.":[65],"Methods":[66],"Medline":[67],"Embase":[69],"were":[70,91,106,122],"searched":[71],"all":[73],"studies":[74,90,200],"on":[75],"asymptomatic":[76,130,155],"or":[79,112,240],"findings":[81],"preceding":[82],"DCM,":[83],"returning":[84],"3585":[85],"studies.":[86,259],"After":[87],"screening,":[88],"96":[89],"included":[92],"in":[93,116,198,201,220,257],"final":[95],"analysis.":[96],"used":[99,123,186,223,236,256],"states":[102,211,251],"their":[104,110],"extracted,":[107],"along":[108],"frequencies":[111],"speciality/country":[113],"author":[115],"literature.":[118],"Results":[119],"Multiple":[120],"terms":[121,222,235],"to":[124,207,224],"represent":[125],"stages,":[127],"including":[128],"\u201c":[129,134,143,149,154],"\u201d":[131,136,145,151,156],"(86":[132],"studies),":[133,138,142],"non-myelopathic":[135],"(26":[137],"\u201cwithout":[139],"myelopathy\u201d":[140],"(15":[141],"(9":[146],"studies)":[147],"sub-clinical":[150],"(7":[152],"studies).":[153],"associated":[158],"greatest":[161],"inconsistency.":[162],"Some":[163],"defined":[164],"this":[165],"as":[166],"patients":[167,204],"radiological":[169],"signs":[170,181],"degeneration":[173],"with/without":[174],"but":[178],"no":[179,230],"myelopathy,":[183],"whereas":[184],"others":[185],"term":[188],"synonymously":[189],"healthy":[191,213],"controls.":[192],"This":[193],"inconsistency":[194,219],"particularly":[196],"challenging":[197],"which":[202],"compared":[206],"those":[208],"and/or":[212],"volunteers.":[214],"Conclusion":[215],"There":[216,228],"substantial":[218],"describe":[225],"states.":[227],"clear":[231],"relationship":[232],"between":[233],"country":[239],"speciality":[241],"main":[244],"author.":[245],"Standardised":[246],"these":[249],"disease":[250],"should":[252],"be":[253],"agreed":[254],"future":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-05-01T00:00:00"}