{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409981978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","title":"HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS: EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION","display_name":"HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS: EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409981978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170664","display_name":"Journal of Bio Innovation","issn_l":"2277-8330","issn":["2277-8330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bio Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11221072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"498","last_page":"529"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":0.07209999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-infections","display_name":"nosocomial infections","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-selection","display_name":"natural selection","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogen-evolution","display_name":"pathogen evolution","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-susceptibility","display_name":"antimicrobial susceptibility","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-infection-control","display_name":"hospital infection control","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control","display_name":"infection control","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-environment","display_name":"hospital environment","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-adaptation","display_name":"bacterial adaptation","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-microenvironment","display_name":"host microenvironment","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.6951276659965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5794147849082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5679272413253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.42059263586997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3574540615081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.35276269912719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34594011306762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3127173185348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.302471399307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2085256278514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12376067042350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.08717411756515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170664","display_name":"Journal of Bio Innovation","issn_l":"2277-8330","issn":["2277-8330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bio Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2025.v14i03.15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170664","display_name":"Journal of Bio Innovation","issn_l":"2277-8330","issn":["2277-8330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bio Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409981978.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409981978.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205762803","https://openalex.org/W2093976704","https://openalex.org/W2535856026","https://openalex.org/W2265065644","https://openalex.org/W2888434210","https://openalex.org/W2989909607","https://openalex.org/W1505174562","https://openalex.org/W2018053864","https://openalex.org/W93658046","https://openalex.org/W2114004506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:Since":[0],"\"nothing":[1],"in":[2,7,169,203,244],"biology":[3],"makes":[4],"sense":[5],"except":[6],"the":[8,12,53,59,69,73,185,229,233,239,258,274,279,283,287],"light":[9],"of":[10,15,35,58,72,77,130,213,223,238,261,266,278,286],"evolution,\"":[11],"biological":[13],"basis":[14],"infections":[16,79,132,206],"associated":[17,83],"with":[18,84,106,143,273],"health":[19,85],"care":[20,86],"cannot":[21],"be":[22],"clearly":[23],"and":[24,48,50,55,65,80,94,100,109,116,126,161,164,175,177,221,232,235,252,264,269,276,282],"effectively":[25],"explained,":[26],"understood,":[27],"or":[28],"combated":[29],"if":[30],"we":[31],"ignorethe":[32],"evolutionary":[33,128,193],"process":[34,76,129,194,212],"Natural":[36,219],"Selection,":[37,220],"which":[38],"is":[39,196],"also":[40],"influenced":[41],"by":[42,51,136],"actions":[43,121],"for":[44,89,122],"its":[45,158,204],"prevention,":[46,124],"treatment,":[47,125],"control":[49],"modifying":[52],"Hospital":[54],"organic":[56,236,284],"environment":[57,231,281],"hosts.Methods:":[60],"Using":[61],"a":[62,210,267],"descriptive,":[63],"longitudinal,":[64],"retrospective":[66],"analytic":[67],"method,":[68],"main":[70],"components":[71],"complex":[74],"evolutive":[75],"12513":[78],"2473":[81],"deaths":[82],"were":[87],"studied":[88],"11":[90,141],"years:":[91],"their":[92,103,107,123,138,162,224,247,271],"incidence":[93],"fatality":[95],"due":[96,147,216],"to":[97,111,148,166,182,209,217,228,250,257],"medical":[98],"services":[99],"surgical":[101],"procedures,":[102],"causal":[104,159,225],"agents":[105,160],"sensitivity":[108,163],"resistance":[110,165],"antimicrobials":[112],"(with":[113],"7758":[114],"cultures":[115],"antibiograms)":[117],"and,":[118,155],"concomitantly,":[119,270],"hospital":[120,152,230,280],"control.Results:The":[127],"healthcare-associated":[131],"(HAI)":[133],"was":[134],"confirmed":[135],"observing":[137],"variations":[139,277],"over":[140],"years,":[142],"differential":[144],"upward":[145],"trends":[146],"morbidity,":[149],"mortality,":[150],"typology,":[151],"service,":[153],"hosts,":[154],"above":[156],"all,":[157],"antimicrobials.":[167],"Variations":[168],"HAI":[170],"occurred":[171],"through":[172],"particular":[173],"ups":[174],"downs":[176],"contradictions":[178],"but":[179,201],"generally":[180],"tended":[181],"increase,":[183],"exceeding":[184],"expected":[186],"reference":[187],"rates.":[188],"This":[189],"behavior":[190],"indicates":[191],"an":[192],"that":[195],"neither":[197],"rectilinear":[198],"nor":[199],"unidirectional":[200],"dialectical":[202,211],"development.Conclusion:Healthcare-associated":[205],"are":[207],"subject":[208],"Evolution,":[214],"basically":[215],"competition,":[218],"adaptation":[222],"agents,":[226],"both":[227],"tissular":[234],"microenvironments":[237],"hosts.":[240],"Their":[241],"Evolution":[242],"depends,":[243],"principle,":[245],"on":[246],"genomic":[248],"potential":[249],"contaminate":[251],"colonize":[253],"inert":[254],"surfaces,":[255],"adapt":[256],"crossed":[259],"transmission":[260],"contagion,":[262],"colonization,":[263],"infection":[265],"host,":[268],"interaction":[272],"conformation":[275],"microenvironment":[285],"host.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
