{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409907435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","title":"Glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94/gp96) in viral pathogenesis: Insights into its role and therapeutic potentials","display_name":"Glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94/gp96) in viral pathogenesis: Insights into its role and therapeutic potentials","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409907435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40319577","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12302985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169613","display_name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","issn_l":"0223-5234","issn":["0223-5234","1768-3254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101847132","display_name":"Hao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-0716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-0716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062921807","display_name":"Brian S. J. Blagg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-3480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-3480"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian S.J. Blagg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA. Electronic address: bblagg@nd.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-3480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA. Electronic address: bblagg@nd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062921807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":{"value":4650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4650},"apc_paid":{"value":4650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4650},"fwci":0.7848,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62531616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"292","issue":null,"first_page":"117713","last_page":"117713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10934","display_name":"Heat shock proteins research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10934","display_name":"Heat shock proteins research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11150","display_name":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grp94","display_name":"GRP94","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gp96","display_name":"gp96","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hsp90","display_name":"HSP90","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-pathogenesis","display_name":"viral pathogenesis","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-entry","display_name":"viral entry","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-chaperones","display_name":"molecular chaperones","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endoplasmic-reticulum","display_name":"endoplasmic reticulum","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteostasis","display_name":"proteostasis","score":0.7179999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205260736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418939","display_name":"Heat shock protein","level":3,"score":0.7434775233268738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775932338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24772687","display_name":"Hsp90","level":4,"score":0.7110387682914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780995651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572343","display_name":"Glucose-regulated protein","level":4,"score":0.646375834941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140933497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7933606","display_name":"Viral pathogenesis","level":4,"score":0.5893212556838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158617107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79927","display_name":"Endoplasmic reticulum","level":2,"score":0.5642131567001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108625454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187126","display_name":"Glycoprotein","level":2,"score":0.5323688387870789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5281857252120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5262367129325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.5226061940193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780879997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q952587","display_name":"Viral protein","level":3,"score":0.5130797624588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.4656781554222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4293763339519501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139447449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14633900","display_name":"Unfolded protein response","level":3,"score":0.4136584997177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.34689706563949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.331382155418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.20810896158218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.20577380061149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.1987641453742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1304563283920288}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008562","descriptor_name":"Membrane Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008562","descriptor_name":"Membrane Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014777","descriptor_name":"Virus Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014777","descriptor_name":"Virus Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014780","descriptor_name":"Viruses","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014780","descriptor_name":"Viruses","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169613","display_name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","issn_l":"0223-5234","issn":["0223-5234","1768-3254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40319577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40319577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of medicinal chemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12302985","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12302985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Eur J Med Chem","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169613","display_name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","issn_l":"0223-5234","issn":["0223-5234","1768-3254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6521809031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY036107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","funder_display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000893677","display_name":"Selective Inhibition of GRP 94 to Treat Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma","funder_award_id":"R01EY036107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00k86s890"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153442697","https://openalex.org/W1508237796","https://openalex.org/W1930598094","https://openalex.org/W1967418148","https://openalex.org/W1980725383","https://openalex.org/W1985302150","https://openalex.org/W1988776790","https://openalex.org/W1993715971","https://openalex.org/W1994915168","https://openalex.org/W1998249786","https://openalex.org/W1998871454","https://openalex.org/W1999497004","https://openalex.org/W2000929246","https://openalex.org/W2003801319","https://openalex.org/W2010942421","https://openalex.org/W2014576328","https://openalex.org/W2015640955","https://openalex.org/W2023751592","https://openalex.org/W2025380378","https://openalex.org/W2028243344","https://openalex.org/W2038090008","https://openalex.org/W2048198160","https://openalex.org/W2050078962","https://openalex.org/W2061912829","https://openalex.org/W2064630223","https://openalex.org/W2064778609","https://openalex.org/W2078579838","https://openalex.org/W2081087447","https://openalex.org/W2091789695","https://openalex.org/W2092310878","https://openalex.org/W2092604468","https://openalex.org/W2093169681","https://openalex.org/W2093274492","https://openalex.org/W2095433366","https://openalex.org/W2097360642","https://openalex.org/W2100908218","https://openalex.org/W2102403552","https://openalex.org/W2102643650","https://openalex.org/W2107323239","https://openalex.org/W2119203909","https://openalex.org/W2124189941","https://openalex.org/W2124485711","https://openalex.org/W2135850974","https://openalex.org/W2146681881","https://openalex.org/W2163568031","https://openalex.org/W2164689537","https://openalex.org/W2169048699","https://openalex.org/W2174098513","https://openalex.org/W2284349265","https://openalex.org/W2311994573","https://openalex.org/W2330445933","https://openalex.org/W2338132964","https://openalex.org/W2413836578","https://openalex.org/W2419079509","https://openalex.org/W2426204902","https://openalex.org/W2513455229","https://openalex.org/W2567540060","https://openalex.org/W2589120890","https://openalex.org/W2610396252","https://openalex.org/W2736496985","https://openalex.org/W2749644250","https://openalex.org/W2751190598","https://openalex.org/W2754267313","https://openalex.org/W2783663795","https://openalex.org/W2787096431","https://openalex.org/W2790774674","https://openalex.org/W2888807543","https://openalex.org/W2889502232","https://openalex.org/W2896262542","https://openalex.org/W2921896997","https://openalex.org/W2967347210","https://openalex.org/W2972926184","https://openalex.org/W2999695405","https://openalex.org/W3005409321","https://openalex.org/W3009912996","https://openalex.org/W3016804741","https://openalex.org/W3022435472","https://openalex.org/W3044321933","https://openalex.org/W3046698956","https://openalex.org/W3091194573","https://openalex.org/W3123185821","https://openalex.org/W3125667730","https://openalex.org/W3128627027","https://openalex.org/W3155051801","https://openalex.org/W3169114200","https://openalex.org/W3183138297","https://openalex.org/W3197001456","https://openalex.org/W4200473798","https://openalex.org/W4289521547","https://openalex.org/W4289639888","https://openalex.org/W4308452852","https://openalex.org/W4311940641","https://openalex.org/W4375948555","https://openalex.org/W4377206081","https://openalex.org/W4381384375","https://openalex.org/W4382877349","https://openalex.org/W4385075694","https://openalex.org/W4385416872","https://openalex.org/W4387372400","https://openalex.org/W4391786462","https://openalex.org/W4392197843","https://openalex.org/W4400866062","https://openalex.org/W4401882954","https://openalex.org/W4405239569","https://openalex.org/W4405987482","https://openalex.org/W6600258949","https://openalex.org/W6875269519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286494105","https://openalex.org/W7168836521","https://openalex.org/W4385075694","https://openalex.org/W3207830832","https://openalex.org/W2038090008","https://openalex.org/W7165665942","https://openalex.org/W2362523589","https://openalex.org/W2064162658","https://openalex.org/W1858631806","https://openalex.org/W3138996669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glucose-regulated":[0],"protein":[1,16,81],"94":[2],"(Grp94/gp96)":[3],"is":[4,20],"endoplasmic":[5],"reticulum":[6],"(ER)":[7],"resident":[8],"form":[9],"of":[10,27,58,108,111,128],"the":[11,109,126],"90":[12,17],"kDa":[13],"heat":[14],"shock":[15],"(Hsp90)":[18],"that":[19,69],"responsible":[21],"for":[22,37,72],"folding,":[23],"maturation":[24],"and":[25,46,66,75,91,119,131],"stabilization":[26],"more":[28],"than":[29],"400":[30],"client":[31],"proteins.":[32],"Grp94":[33,51,83,112],"has":[34],"been":[35],"implicated":[36],"various":[38,117],"diseases":[39],"including":[40],"metastatic":[41],"cancer,":[42],"primary":[43],"open-angle":[44],"glaucoma,":[45],"infectious":[47],"diseases.":[48],"In":[49],"fact,":[50],"plays":[52],"critical":[53],"roles":[54,110],"in":[55,80,113,122],"different":[56],"stages":[57],"viral":[59,67,73,114],"infection":[60],"cycle.":[61],"It":[62],"chaperones":[63],"receptor":[64],"proteins":[65],"glycoproteins":[68],"are":[70,95],"necessary":[71],"entry":[74],"replication.":[76],"Beyond":[77],"its":[78,120],"role":[79],"homeostasis,":[82],"modulates":[84],"host":[85],"cellular":[86],"processes":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89,134],"apoptosis":[90],"immune":[92,123],"responses,":[93],"which":[94],"often":[96],"exploited":[97],"by":[98],"viruses":[99,118],"to":[100],"sustain":[101],"infection.":[102],"This":[103],"work":[104],"provides":[105],"an":[106],"overview":[107],"pathogenesis":[115],"across":[116],"involvement":[121],"modulation":[124],"with":[125],"development":[127],"Grp94-selective":[129],"inhibitors":[130],"their":[132],"potential":[133],"anti-viral":[135],"therapeutics.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2025-04-30T00:00:00"}