{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409885685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.113","title":"Understanding Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Adult Outpatients: A Head-to-Head Comparison Between DSM-5 Section II Personality Disorders and DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders","display_name":"Understanding Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Adult Outpatients: A Head-to-Head Comparison Between DSM-5 Section II Personality Disorders and DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409885685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.113","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40293804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157766733","display_name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","issn_l":"0885-579X","issn":["0885-579X","1943-2763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/189516","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087338976","display_name":"Antonella Somma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-505X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-505X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonella Somma","raw_affiliation_strings":["From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052231613","display_name":"Giulia Gialdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-5776","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-5776"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Gialdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084244790","display_name":"Robert Frank Krueger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-5509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-5509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Krueger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023846353","display_name":"Kristian E. Markon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-9694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-9694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristian E. Markon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002177523","display_name":"Andrea Fossati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-4058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-4058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Fossati","raw_affiliation_strings":["From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81909335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":"113","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11132","display_name":"Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grandiose-narcissism","display_name":"grandiose narcissism","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerable-narcissism","display_name":"vulnerable narcissism","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-disorders","display_name":"personality disorders","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-model-for-personality-disorders","display_name":"Alternative Model for Personality Disorders","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-functioning","display_name":"personality functioning","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathological-narcissism-inventory","display_name":"Pathological Narcissism Inventory","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-outpatients","display_name":"adult outpatients","score":0.640999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777308609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270673","display_name":"Personality disorders","level":3,"score":0.8120847344398499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7949173450469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505070042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186529","display_name":"Narcissism","level":2,"score":0.7637485265731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.6111482977867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778232494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060310","display_name":"Narcissistic personality disorder","level":4,"score":0.6057965159416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174010058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170643","display_name":"Personality Assessment Inventory","level":3,"score":0.6046818494796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5696496963500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064664","display_name":"DSM-5","level":2,"score":0.499539852142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778873214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170659","display_name":"Personality pathology","level":4,"score":0.4327089190483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776276179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118418","display_name":"Antisocial personality disorder","level":4,"score":0.41723254323005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.2098880112171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.11362498998641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09168946743011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0854904055595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009289","descriptor_name":"Narcissism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010045","descriptor_name":"Outpatients","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010555","descriptor_name":"Personality Inventory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039721","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157766733","display_name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","issn_l":"0885-579X","issn":["0885-579X","1943-2763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40293804","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40293804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of personality disorders","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unisr.it:20.500.11768/189516","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/189516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055348","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unisr.it:20.500.11768/189516","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/189516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055348","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656583631","https://openalex.org/W1566765103","https://openalex.org/W1703892180","https://openalex.org/W1965604273","https://openalex.org/W1967195727","https://openalex.org/W1969475475","https://openalex.org/W1969532062","https://openalex.org/W1981903823","https://openalex.org/W1985456019","https://openalex.org/W1997648925","https://openalex.org/W2001389986","https://openalex.org/W2006920039","https://openalex.org/W2008703093","https://openalex.org/W2049518862","https://openalex.org/W2057807736","https://openalex.org/W2062143846","https://openalex.org/W2094089250","https://openalex.org/W2101729106","https://openalex.org/W2103226522","https://openalex.org/W2110338762","https://openalex.org/W2112040301","https://openalex.org/W2113457236","https://openalex.org/W2142916040","https://openalex.org/W2146855196","https://openalex.org/W2151693960","https://openalex.org/W2160360741","https://openalex.org/W2168503133","https://openalex.org/W2181465509","https://openalex.org/W2200234713","https://openalex.org/W2312818401","https://openalex.org/W2319596048","https://openalex.org/W2319859829","https://openalex.org/W2343516420","https://openalex.org/W2400892929","https://openalex.org/W2477655839","https://openalex.org/W2495001861","https://openalex.org/W2518673185","https://openalex.org/W2580089088","https://openalex.org/W2617350704","https://openalex.org/W2740832162","https://openalex.org/W2788867584","https://openalex.org/W2794420259","https://openalex.org/W2872220689","https://openalex.org/W2890459614","https://openalex.org/W2904825327","https://openalex.org/W2915455782","https://openalex.org/W2917313842","https://openalex.org/W2921115631","https://openalex.org/W3012505410","https://openalex.org/W3184269566","https://openalex.org/W3184635350","https://openalex.org/W3202633240","https://openalex.org/W3204896296","https://openalex.org/W4281554852","https://openalex.org/W4283808670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287042536","https://openalex.org/W2154196883","https://openalex.org/W1997648925","https://openalex.org/W2894210034","https://openalex.org/W4281554852","https://openalex.org/W2460465303","https://openalex.org/W4402052436","https://openalex.org/W7172298873","https://openalex.org/W2009260261","https://openalex.org/W2965252606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"compare":[1],"the":[2,5,24,51,58,66,71,78,87,91,106,109,117,132,145],"effectiveness":[3],"of":[4,10,23,42,60,108,131],"Diagnostic":[6],"and":[7,22,36,55,77,90,101,119,140,147],"Statistical":[8],"Manual":[9],"Mental":[11],"Disorders,":[12],"fifth":[13],"edition":[14],"(DSM-5),":[15],"Section":[16,111,134],"II":[17,112,135],"personality":[18],"disorder":[19],"(PD)":[20],"model,":[21],"Alternative":[25],"Model":[26],"for":[27,53,69,94,138],"Personality":[28,61,67,92],"Disorders":[29],"(AMPD)":[30],"model":[31],"in":[32,116,144],"characterizing":[33],"vulnerable":[34],"(VN)":[35],"grandiose":[37],"(GN)":[38],"narcissism,":[39],"a":[40],"sample":[41],"clinical":[43],"psychotherapy":[44],"participants":[45],"(N":[46],"=":[47],"369)":[48],"was":[49],"administered":[50],"Schedule":[52],"Nonadaptive":[54],"Adaptive":[56],"Personality-2,":[57],"Levels":[59],"Functioning":[62],"Scale-Self":[63],"Report":[64],"(LPFS-SR),":[65],"Inventory":[68,81,93],"DSM-5,":[70],"Five-Factor":[72],"Narcissism":[73,80],"Inventory-Short":[74],"Form":[75],"(FFNI-SF),":[76],"Pathological":[79],"(PNI).":[82],"In":[83],"multiple":[84],"regression":[85],"models,":[86],"LPFS-SR":[88],"scales":[89,98],"DSM-5":[95],"(PID-5)":[96],"domain":[97],"explained":[99],"34.6%":[100],"23.7%":[102],"more":[103,142],"variance":[104,143],"than":[105],"self-reports":[107],"10":[110,133],"PD":[113],"symptom":[114,129],"counts":[115,130],"FFNI-SF":[118,146],"PNI":[120,148],"GN":[121],"scores,":[122,151],"respectively.":[123,152],"Similarly,":[124],"AMPD":[125],"measures":[126],"outperformed":[127],"self-reported":[128],"PDs,":[136],"accounting":[137],"28.8%":[139],"22.6%":[141],"VN":[149],"scale":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-04-29T00:00:00"}
