{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409877366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","title":"Electric vehicle integrated tidal-solar-wind-hydro-thermal systems for strengthing the microgrid and environment sustainability","display_name":"Electric vehicle integrated tidal-solar-wind-hydro-thermal systems for strengthing the microgrid and environment sustainability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409877366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40295658","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12038037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-98594-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-98594-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090993639","display_name":"Sunanda Hazra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0612-9521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0612-9521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175399479","display_name":"Haldia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0211bs523","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175399479"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunanda Hazra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175399479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dipanjan Datta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipanjan Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICA Edu Skills Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICA Edu Skills Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016958053","display_name":"Chandan Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-2900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-2900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278150","display_name":"Dr. B.C. Roy Engineering College","ror":"https://ror.org/0543htw25","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405278150"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandan Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034899973","display_name":"Provas Kumar Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-5808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-5808"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Provas Kumar Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004768956","display_name":"Sneha Sultana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7701-0360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7701-0360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278150","display_name":"Dr. B.C. Roy Engineering College","ror":"https://ror.org/0543htw25","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405278150"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sneha Sultana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110523878","display_name":"Sajjan Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916357946","display_name":"Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/054psm803","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916357946"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjan Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916357946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038629486","display_name":"Soham Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0922-1470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0922-1470","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5391-0147"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soham Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India. soham.dutta@manipal.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India. soham.dutta@manipal.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038629486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":3.166,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92590033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"14888","last_page":"14888"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicles","display_name":"electric vehicles","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tidal-energy","display_name":"tidal energy","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"solar energy","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy","display_name":"wind energy","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-scheduling","display_name":"hydrothermal scheduling","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrids","display_name":"microgrids","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-power-plants","display_name":"virtual power plants","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moth-flame-optimization","display_name":"moth-flame optimization","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generation-cost-minimization","display_name":"generation cost minimization","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-loss","display_name":"transmission loss","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valve-point-effect","display_name":"valve-point effects","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-integration","display_name":"renewable energy integration","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"load balancing","score":0.4059999883174896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7217609882354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.570376455783844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5256170630455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5240431427955627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.462228387594223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777618391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483757","display_name":"Solar power","level":3,"score":0.4484005570411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.44270849227905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.44230973720550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.429054856300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.42579877376556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4109441936016083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40755653381347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2549596130847931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2008751630783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1989191174507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.07498186826705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-98594-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40295658","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40295658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12038037","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12038037/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1b8254a0da9d4b45b932364d8f9f1e72","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1b8254a0da9d4b45b932364d8f9f1e72","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-31 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98594-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-98594-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409877366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409877366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W883434633","https://openalex.org/W1535844816","https://openalex.org/W1986494300","https://openalex.org/W1990180296","https://openalex.org/W2010334879","https://openalex.org/W2017014148","https://openalex.org/W2024305281","https://openalex.org/W2025266117","https://openalex.org/W2025361681","https://openalex.org/W2031766625","https://openalex.org/W2046108510","https://openalex.org/W2048024781","https://openalex.org/W2057584132","https://openalex.org/W2060834770","https://openalex.org/W2061382789","https://openalex.org/W2064187835","https://openalex.org/W2071036477","https://openalex.org/W2085564331","https://openalex.org/W2096166399","https://openalex.org/W2099125500","https://openalex.org/W2120030634","https://openalex.org/W2334459196","https://openalex.org/W2364047139","https://openalex.org/W2605810061","https://openalex.org/W2611704908","https://openalex.org/W2892369032","https://openalex.org/W2967265949","https://openalex.org/W2990339863","https://openalex.org/W2997865526","https://openalex.org/W3022597696","https://openalex.org/W3028231846","https://openalex.org/W3031053891","https://openalex.org/W3043995310","https://openalex.org/W3082438278","https://openalex.org/W3084412397","https://openalex.org/W3111824537","https://openalex.org/W3112333092","https://openalex.org/W3177394566","https://openalex.org/W3179057773","https://openalex.org/W3201012093","https://openalex.org/W3205173870","https://openalex.org/W3206698102","https://openalex.org/W4220824893","https://openalex.org/W4225302974","https://openalex.org/W4295878699","https://openalex.org/W4381332267","https://openalex.org/W4387052149","https://openalex.org/W4391924652","https://openalex.org/W4396612516","https://openalex.org/W4400427465","https://openalex.org/W4400610208","https://openalex.org/W4400661252","https://openalex.org/W4400765726","https://openalex.org/W4409148028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166831046","https://openalex.org/W4400610208","https://openalex.org/W4411484610","https://openalex.org/W4396687459","https://openalex.org/W3023465442","https://openalex.org/W4407392857","https://openalex.org/W4409019212","https://openalex.org/W6903086941","https://openalex.org/W4403148878","https://openalex.org/W6976945289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Incorporating":[0],"electric":[1,115],"vehicles":[2],"(EVs)":[3],"into":[4],"the":[5,16,82,96,125,185,209,217,220,238,262,269,273],"power":[6,21,137,170],"grid":[7,297],"significantly":[8],"impacts":[9],"its":[10,76,231],"safe":[11],"and":[12,47,60,114,153,179,200,222,235,245],"reliable":[13,70],"operation,":[14],"while":[15,140,203],"unpredictable":[17],"nature":[18],"of":[19,79,84,103,110,127,219,240],"wind":[20,37,46,53],"adds":[22],"further":[23],"complications.":[24],"Solar":[25],"power,":[26,38],"though":[27],"less":[28],"efficient":[29],"in":[30],"converting":[31],"sunlight":[32],"to":[33,36,123,135,142,158,192,268,286],"electricity":[34],"compared":[35,267],"remains":[39],"a":[40,69,100,118,287],"popular":[41],"renewable":[42,71,85,181,293],"energy":[43,49,54,66,86,160,175,182,294],"source.":[44],"Combining":[45],"solar":[48,63],"is":[50,134,191,253],"advantageous":[51],"because":[52],"can":[55,283],"be":[56],"harnessed":[57],"both":[58],"day":[59],"night,":[61],"unlike":[62],"energy.":[64],"Tidal":[65],"also":[67,279],"offers":[68],"option,":[72],"although":[73],"it":[74,224,252],"has":[75,260],"own":[77],"set":[78],"challenges.":[80],"Consequently,":[81],"utilization":[83],"sources":[87,183],"(RESs)":[88],"have":[89],"become":[90],"increasingly":[91],"complex.":[92],"Fossil":[93],"fuels,":[94],"on":[95],"other":[97,226],"hand,":[98],"are":[99,164,250],"major":[101],"cause":[102],"severe":[104],"pollution.":[105],"This":[106],"study":[107,215],"addresses":[108],"integration":[109],"wind,":[111],"solar,":[112],"tidal,":[113],"vehicles,":[116],"using":[117,272,296],"unique":[119],"moth-flame":[120],"optimization":[121,228],"technique,":[122],"solve":[124],"challenge":[126],"hydrothermal":[128],"scheduling":[129,289],"(HTS).":[130],"The":[131,189,277],"primary":[132],"objective":[133,190],"reduce":[136],"generation":[138,210],"costs":[139,211],"adhering":[141],"various":[143],"limitations,":[144],"including":[145],"transmission":[146,201],"losses,":[147],"thermal":[148],"unit":[149],"valve":[150],"point":[151],"effects,":[152],"RESs":[154,257],"variability.":[155],"In":[156],"order":[157],"maximize":[159],"management,":[161],"several":[162],"EVs":[163,282],"currently":[165],"being":[166],"built":[167],"as":[168,266],"virtual":[169],"plants":[171],"(VPPs),":[172],"utilizing":[173],"sustainable":[174],"sources.":[176],"So,":[177],"VPPs":[178],"combined":[180],"make":[184],"micro-grid":[186],"more":[187],"rigid.":[188],"minimize":[193],"fuel":[194],"expenditures":[195],"by":[196,264,295],"balancing":[197],"load":[198],"demand":[199],"losses":[202],"satisfying":[204],"all":[205],"conditions.":[206],"By":[207],"evaluating":[208],"with":[212,225,291],"MFO,":[213],"this":[214],"demonstrates":[216],"effectiveness":[218],"method":[221],"compares":[223],"advanced":[227],"techniques,":[229],"highlighting":[230],"superior":[232],"efficiency,":[233],"utility":[234],"reliability.":[236],"When":[237],"performance":[239],"normal":[241],"HTS":[242,248],"system,":[243],"RES":[244],"EV":[246],"based":[247,258],"system":[249,259,271,290],"observed,":[251],"clearly":[254],"observed":[255],"that":[256,281],"improved":[261],"results":[263],"5.49%":[265],"conventional":[270],"suggested":[274],"COMFO":[275],"approach.":[276],"findings":[278],"show":[280],"effectively":[284],"contribute":[285],"hydro-thermal":[288],"integrated":[292],"power.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-04-29T00:00:00"}
