{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409865166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874251334187","title":"Experimental study of airpath electrification in an opposed-piston two stroke (OP2S) engine architecture","display_name":"Experimental study of airpath electrification in an opposed-piston two stroke (OP2S) engine architecture","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409865166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874251334187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14680874251334187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874251334187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874251334187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53651343","display_name":"International Journal of Engine Research","issn_l":"1468-0874","issn":["1468-0874","2041-3149"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Engine Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ankur Bhatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8486-1766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8486-1766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ankur Bhatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8486-1766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048850492","display_name":"Aditya Datar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Datar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059696375","display_name":"Ming Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-7729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-7729"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Achates Power Inc., San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Achates Power Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014824574","display_name":"Benjamin J. Lawler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-5672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-5672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Lawler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006337712","display_name":"Brian Gainey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-0316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-0316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Gainey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-0316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9234,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6572722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"1822","last_page":"1833"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-induction-system","display_name":"air induction system","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pumping-losses","display_name":"pumping losses","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrically-assisted-turbocharger","display_name":"electrically assisted turbocharger","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-geometry-turbocharger","display_name":"variable geometry turbocharger","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercharger","display_name":"supercharger","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-out-emissions","display_name":"engine-out emissions","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-efficiency","display_name":"engine efficiency","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-circuiting","display_name":"short-circuiting","score":0.5479999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206787392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152323","display_name":"Two-stroke engine","level":3,"score":0.6987152099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.5959234237670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199524791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7198512","display_name":"Piston (optics)","level":3,"score":0.5428760647773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51321904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191801","display_name":"Four-stroke engine","level":4,"score":0.5386127829551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5003960132598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.4457111954689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3937530815601349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32622450590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511840579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12757","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","level":2,"score":0.311430960893631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30863672494888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.22003772854804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20206096768379211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106169591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909434","display_name":"Combustion chamber","level":3,"score":0.16314536333084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.1496245563030243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14532214403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1332731544971466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14680874251334187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874251334187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874251334187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53651343","display_name":"International Journal of Engine Research","issn_l":"1468-0874","issn":["1468-0874","2041-3149"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Engine Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2562937","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2562937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1973988960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEEE0009202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337713","funder_display_name":"Vehicle Technologies Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337713","display_name":"Vehicle Technologies Office","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37911562","https://openalex.org/W69875945","https://openalex.org/W90051273","https://openalex.org/W152904148","https://openalex.org/W602197191","https://openalex.org/W1525977806","https://openalex.org/W1563381297","https://openalex.org/W1567800987","https://openalex.org/W1911741348","https://openalex.org/W1946330067","https://openalex.org/W1995008520","https://openalex.org/W2016531712","https://openalex.org/W2052336375","https://openalex.org/W2098010241","https://openalex.org/W2160456562","https://openalex.org/W2287850518","https://openalex.org/W2481000415","https://openalex.org/W2503387456","https://openalex.org/W2907660578","https://openalex.org/W2971563042","https://openalex.org/W3095925787","https://openalex.org/W3156743437","https://openalex.org/W4248294773","https://openalex.org/W4249215556","https://openalex.org/W4287583172","https://openalex.org/W4293579529","https://openalex.org/W4309865895","https://openalex.org/W4387352630","https://openalex.org/W6631325486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126650015","https://openalex.org/W4404872556","https://openalex.org/W2393655693","https://openalex.org/W4280637769","https://openalex.org/W2063042346","https://openalex.org/W1520575253","https://openalex.org/W2112572861","https://openalex.org/W2319003983","https://openalex.org/W3159503165","https://openalex.org/W2998045345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,158,210,235],"opposed-piston":[1],"two":[2,94],"stroke":[3,17],"(OP2S)":[4],"engine":[5,11,18,37,68,135,148,237],"shows":[6],"potential":[7],"as":[8,243],"an":[9,137],"alternative":[10],"architecture":[12],"to":[13,20,66,174,232,245,261],"the":[14,32,41,47,54,57,71,75,83,99,170,182,185,193,213,233,246,250,272],"conventional":[15],"four":[16],"due":[19],"its":[21,220],"high-power":[22],"density,":[23],"thermal":[24],"efficiency,":[25],"and":[26,44,61,74,105,116,119,142,155,163,192,212,223,253,264],"versatile":[27],"airpath":[28,62,96],"management":[29],"system.":[30],"Since":[31],"pistons":[33],"of":[34,46,56,102,161,268],"a":[35,51,87,130,143,150,156,239],"two-stroke":[36,88],"do":[38],"not":[39,257],"pump":[40],"air":[42,58,201,254],"into":[43,271],"out":[45],"cylinder":[48],"like":[49,109],"in":[50,86,178],"four-stroke":[52],"engine,":[53,248],"selection":[55],"induction":[59],"devices":[60],"actuators":[63],"becomes":[64],"critical":[65],"optimize":[67],"performance.":[69],"Both":[70],"pumping":[72,112,229],"losses":[73,230],"in-cylinder":[76],"combustion":[77],"process":[78,85],"can":[79],"be":[80,197,258],"affected":[81],"by":[82],"scavenging":[84,110,208,263],"engine.":[89],"Therefore,":[90],"this":[91,225],"study":[92],"compares":[93],"different":[95],"configurations":[97],"for":[98,166,207],"same":[100,171],"family":[101],"OP2S":[103,134],"engines":[104,168],"investigates":[106],"performance":[107],"metrics":[108],"control,":[111],"work,":[113],"net":[114],"indicated":[115],"brake":[117],"efficiencies,":[118],"engine-out":[120],"emissions":[121],"associated":[122],"with":[123,136,149,200],"each":[124],"airpath.":[125],"Data":[126],"was":[127,189,216],"collected":[128],"on":[129,219],"3.2":[131],"L,":[132],"two-cylinder":[133,236],"electrically":[138],"assisted":[139],"turbocharger":[140,153],"(EAT)":[141],"4.9":[144],"L":[145],"displacement,":[146],"three-cylinder":[147,183,247],"variable":[151],"geometry":[152],"(VGT)":[154],"supercharger.":[157],"experiments":[159],"consisted":[160],"speed":[162],"load":[164],"sweeps":[165],"both":[167,179],"at":[169],"operating":[172],"conditions":[173],"compare":[175],"scavenge":[176],"control":[177],"architectures.":[180],"For":[181],"layout,":[184],"SE":[186,242],"sweep":[187],"range":[188],"much":[190],"higher,":[191],"intake":[194,251],"pressure":[195,252],"could":[196,256],"independently":[198],"varied":[199],"flowrate,":[202],"thus":[203],"providing":[204],"more":[205],"flexibility":[206],"control.":[209],"supercharger":[211],"VGT":[214],"usage":[215],"optimized":[217],"based":[218],"efficiency":[221],"map":[222],"thus,":[224],"layout":[226],"had":[227,238],"lower":[228],"compared":[231,244],"EAT.":[234],"higher":[240],"overall":[241],"but":[249],"flowrate":[255],"decoupled,":[259],"leading":[260],"over":[262],"increased":[265],"short":[266],"circuiting":[267],"fresh":[269],"charge":[270],"exhaust.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}