{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409848046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mle.2025.325068.1121","title":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409848046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mle.2025.325068.1121"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/mle.2025.325068.1121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mle.2025.325068.1121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mle.2025.325068.1121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229837","display_name":"Mag\u030callat\u0308 Al-Qa\u0304nu\u0304n wal Iqtis\u0323a\u0304d/Ma\u01e7alla\u1e97 Al-Q\u0101n\u016bn wal Iqti\u1e63\u0101d","issn_l":"0304-2324","issn":["0304-2324","2735-4083"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093248856","display_name":"\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093248856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07839732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"1","first_page":"0","last_page":"0"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14180","display_name":"Law, logistics, and international trade","score":0.44780001044273376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14180","display_name":"Law, logistics, and international trade","score":0.44780001044273376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.4406999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12652","display_name":"International Maritime Law Issues","score":0.06759999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ship-collision","display_name":"ship collision","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-liability","display_name":"collision liability","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contributory-negligence","display_name":"contributory negligence","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maritime-law","display_name":"maritime law","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-maritime-law","display_name":"international maritime law","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maritime-accident-prevention","display_name":"maritime accident prevention","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-sea-shipping","display_name":"Red Sea shipping","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shipowner-liability","display_name":"shipowner liability","score":0.41600000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24806907773017883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21608/mle.2025.325068.1121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mle.2025.325068.1121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mle.2025.325068.1121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229837","display_name":"Mag\u030callat\u0308 Al-Qa\u0304nu\u0304n wal Iqtis\u0323a\u0304d/Ma\u01e7alla\u1e97 Al-Q\u0101n\u016bn wal Iqti\u1e63\u0101d","issn_l":"0304-2324","issn":["0304-2324","2735-4083"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7217360925","https://openalex.org/W4405164814","https://openalex.org/W4250353379","https://openalex.org/W4378229663","https://openalex.org/W4406287633","https://openalex.org/W7135350570","https://openalex.org/W7218632468","https://openalex.org/W7214533670","https://openalex.org/W2952140786","https://openalex.org/W4410937130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a":[2,12,60,63,80,83,119,129,137,155,194,244],"\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629":[3],"\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[4],"\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629":[5],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c":[6],"\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647":[7],"\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636":[8],"\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c":[9],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627":[10,191],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645":[11,51,59,118,136,154,158,162,165,211,243],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[13],"\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628":[14],"\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b":[15],"\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629":[16],"\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629":[17],"\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629.":[18],"\u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a":[19],"\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629":[20],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a":[21],"\u0645\u0639":[22],"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631":[23],"\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a":[24],"\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629":[25],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646\u060c":[26],"\u0645\u0645\u0627":[27,47],"\u062d\u062b":[28],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639":[29],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a":[30,239],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[31,177],"\u0648\u0636\u0639":[32],"\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f":[33],"\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629":[34],"\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627.":[35],"\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629":[37],"\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644":[38],"\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a":[39,204],"\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631":[40],"\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a":[41],"\u0641\u064a":[42,55,61,81,89,121,127,160,170,241],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c":[43],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a":[44],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631":[45],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c":[46],"\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627":[48],"\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629":[49],"\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631":[50],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a.\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646":[52],"\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629":[53],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[54,73,111,176,185,220],"\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[57],"\u0639\u0646":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645":[62,82,128,193],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a":[64,130],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c":[65,84],"\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644":[67],"\u0645\u0639\u0647":[68],"\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b":[69],"\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a":[70],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[71],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.\u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641":[72],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[74,112,186],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[75,93],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[76],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a":[77],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629":[78,233],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645":[79,198,234],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f":[85],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628":[86],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629":[88],"\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b":[90],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c":[91,147],"\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[95],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629":[96],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629":[97],"\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c":[99,125,199,235],"\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645":[100],"\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a":[101],"\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646":[102],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c":[103],"\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632":[104],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[106],"\u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f":[107],"\u0645\u0646":[108,188,190,222],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.\u0648\u062a\u0645":[109],"\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645":[110],"\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646:":[113],"\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b":[115,133,151],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:":[116],"\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0629":[117],"(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641":[120],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[123],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[124],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641":[126],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a)":[131],"\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[132],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a":[134],"\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637":[135],"(\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0645\u060c":[138],"\u0635\u0641\u0629":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a\u060c":[140],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0645":[141],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c":[142],"\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a":[143],"\u0639\u062f\u0645":[144],"\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642":[145],"\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645":[146],"\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[148,153,210],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646).":[149],"\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642":[150],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b":[152],"(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645":[156],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c":[157],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647":[159],"\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u060c":[161],"\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628":[163,166],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c":[164],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623":[167],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c":[168],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646":[169],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631":[171],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629":[172],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629":[173],"\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649":[174],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645).\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a":[175],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c":[178],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a":[179],"\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[180],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f":[181],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[182],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621":[183],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629.\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a":[184],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f":[187],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[189],"\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a":[192],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a":[195],"\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627":[196],"\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627":[197],"\u062d\u064a\u062b":[200],"\u062a\u0645":[201],"\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631":[202],"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645":[203],"\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a":[205],"\u062e\u0627\u0635":[206],"\u0628\u0647\u060c":[207],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[208],"\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641":[209],"\u062d\u0633\u0628":[212],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628":[213],"(\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c":[214],"\u0642\u0648\u0629":[215],"\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c":[216],"\u062e\u0637\u0623":[217],"\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643).":[218],"\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a":[219],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f":[221],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a":[223],"\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627":[224],"\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629":[225],"\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629":[226],"\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628":[227],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a":[228],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629":[229],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646":[230],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f":[231],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629":[232],"\u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629":[236],"\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632":[237],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646":[238],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642":[240],"\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2025-04-27T00:00:00"}