{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409798317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","title":"Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Cognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorder","display_name":"Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Cognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorder","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409798317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40293998","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12812379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71457257","display_name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"1516-4446","issn":["1516-4446","1809-452X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312528","host_organization_name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Psiquiatria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312528"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Psiquiatria"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4409798317"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058068008","display_name":"Mustafa Nogay Co\u015fkun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0574-6664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0574-6664"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Nogay Co\u015fkun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Antalya Atat\u00fcrk State Hospital, Antalya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0574-6664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Antalya Atat\u00fcrk State Hospital, Antalya, Turkey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068431155","display_name":"M\u00fcge Topcuo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7098-8806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7098-8806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267670","display_name":"Nev\u015fehir Devlet Hastanesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03tdcj364","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267670"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00fcge Topcuo\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Nev\u015fehir State Hospital, Nev\u015fehir, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7098-8806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Nev\u015fehir State Hospital, Nev\u015fehir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117310229","display_name":"Bet\u00fcl Keskin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7024-1131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7024-1131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197907453","display_name":"Akdeniz University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m59r132","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bet\u00fcl Keskin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7024-1131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043727106","display_name":"Ali Riza Erdogan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-6778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-6778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197907453","display_name":"Akdeniz University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m59r132","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Erdo\u011fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-6778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089489471","display_name":"\u00d6zge Do\u011fanav\u015fargil Baysal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-5505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-5505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197907453","display_name":"Akdeniz University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m59r132","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zge Do\u011fanav\u015fargil-Baysal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-5505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":null,"first_page":"e20244025","last_page":"e20244025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.4916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.4916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11956","display_name":"Sexual Differentiation and Disorders","score":0.4634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.026100000366568565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2d-4d-digit-ratio","display_name":"2D:4D digit ratio","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remission","display_name":"remission","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function","display_name":"executive function","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trail-making-test","display_name":"Trail Making Test","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroop-task","display_name":"Stroop task","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wisconsin-card-sorting-test","display_name":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-androgen-exposure","display_name":"prenatal androgen exposure","score":0.699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.5920323729515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5156946778297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5086284875869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182421915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417103","display_name":"Digit ratio","level":3,"score":0.4239482283592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17762845754623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1541987955570221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09528079628944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71457257","display_name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"1516-4446","issn":["1516-4446","1809-452X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312528","host_organization_name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Psiquiatria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312528"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Psiquiatria"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12812379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12812379/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12812379/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Braz J Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40293998","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40293998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b3fb8a64d2f54157a2edb5481e134513","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b3fb8a64d2f54157a2edb5481e134513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 47 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2024-4025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71457257","display_name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"1516-4446","issn":["1516-4446","1809-452X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312528","host_organization_name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Psiquiatria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312528"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Psiquiatria"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409798317.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409798317.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38636523","https://openalex.org/W137744482","https://openalex.org/W1982646918","https://openalex.org/W1991331276","https://openalex.org/W2002683129","https://openalex.org/W2015607741","https://openalex.org/W2035433842","https://openalex.org/W2051205370","https://openalex.org/W2058665386","https://openalex.org/W2105119823","https://openalex.org/W2105234975","https://openalex.org/W2114347694","https://openalex.org/W2128567888","https://openalex.org/W2133999841","https://openalex.org/W2147098760","https://openalex.org/W2151438590","https://openalex.org/W2280967073","https://openalex.org/W2598560452","https://openalex.org/W3034888296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966899832","https://openalex.org/W4409088149","https://openalex.org/W3034888296","https://openalex.org/W6958508630","https://openalex.org/W3008878278","https://openalex.org/W2381525114","https://openalex.org/W7141504899","https://openalex.org/W3037170658","https://openalex.org/W2946556161","https://openalex.org/W4393153662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Bipolar":[1],"disorder":[2],"(BD)":[3],"involves":[4],"complex":[5],"mood,":[6],"neuropsychological,":[7],"immunological,":[8],"and":[9,30,51,65,78,84,106,141,163,192],"physiological":[10],"changes,":[11],"with":[12,135],"cognitive":[13,31,66,196],"impairment":[14],"persisting":[15],"even":[16,198],"during":[17,199],"remission.":[18,200],"Our":[19,173],"study":[20],"investigated":[21],"the":[22,25,60,63,73,79,96,117,121,136,159,169,183],"relationship":[23,61],"between":[24,62,133,152],"second-to-fourth":[26],"digit":[27],"ratio":[28,98,112,167],"(2D:4D)":[29],"function":[32,67,197],"in":[33,45,68,116,129,168,182,195],"BD":[34,43,137,170,186],"patients.":[35],"METHODS:":[36],"This":[37],"cross-sectional":[38],"study,":[39],"which":[40],"included":[41],"47":[42,52],"patients":[44,187],"remission":[46],"for":[47],"=":[48],"6":[49],"months":[50],"healthy":[53,190],"volunteers,":[54],"was":[55,113],"designed":[56],"to":[57,89,103,189],"thoroughly":[58],"determine":[59],"2D:4D":[64,97,111,165,184],"BD.":[69],"The":[70,92,109],"Stroop":[71],"Test,":[72,77],"Wisconsin":[74],"Card":[75],"Sorting":[76],"Trail":[80,160],"Making":[81,161],"Test":[82,162],"A":[83,157],"B":[85],"forms":[86],"were":[87,125],"administered":[88],"all":[90,130],"participants.":[91],"same":[93],"researcher":[94],"measured":[95],"using":[99],"a":[100,148,179,193],"digital":[101],"caliper":[102],"ensure":[104],"consistency":[105],"accuracy.":[107],"RESULTS:":[108],"left":[110],"significantly":[114],"higher":[115,140],"patient":[118],"group":[119,138],"than":[120],"control":[122],"group.":[123,171],"There":[124],"also":[126,146],"significant":[127,176],"differences":[128],"test":[131],"scores":[132],"groups,":[134],"scoring":[139],"being":[142],"more":[143],"unsuccessful.":[144],"We":[145],"observed":[147],"weak":[149],"negative":[150],"correlation":[151],"completion":[153],"time":[154],"of":[155,158,185],"Form":[156],"right-hand":[164],"finger":[166],"CONCLUSIONS:":[172],"findings":[174],"have":[175],"implications,":[177],"revealing":[178],"marked":[180],"difference":[181],"compared":[188],"controls":[191],"decline":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-04-26T00:00:00"}
