{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409727455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45565","title":"Radar Technology with MIMO-OFDM and Digital Beamforming","display_name":"Radar Technology with MIMO-OFDM and Digital Beamforming","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409727455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.55041/ijsrem45565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45565","pdf_url":"https://ijsrem.com/download/radar-technology-with-mimo-ofdm-and-digital-beamforming/?wpdmdl=49480&refresh=6809e294d0fe31745478292","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240841","display_name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","issn_l":"2582-3930","issn":["2582-3930"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ijsrem.com/download/radar-technology-with-mimo-ofdm-and-digital-beamforming/?wpdmdl=49480&refresh=6809e294d0fe31745478292","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M L Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M L Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communication Department , Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology , Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communication Department , Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology , Delhi","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04701448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"09","issue":"04","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-technology","display_name":"radar technology","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-beamforming","display_name":"digital beamforming","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"orthogonal frequency division multiplexing","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-input-multiple-output","display_name":"multiple-input multiple-output","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-equation","display_name":"radar equation","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"bistatic radar","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radar","display_name":"cognitive radar","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"synthetic aperture radar","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-clutter-suppression","display_name":"radar clutter suppression","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference-cancellation","display_name":"interference cancellation","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"spectral efficiency","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-miniaturization","display_name":"radar miniaturization","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-systems","display_name":"autonomous systems","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7130707502365112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.6579499840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5267269611358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5205805897712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5127092599868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","level":4,"score":0.4814811944961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57466844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7955559","display_name":"WSDMA","level":5,"score":0.422042578458786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4063815176486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.27859532833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22658953070640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.05237191915512085}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.55041/ijsrem45565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45565","pdf_url":"https://ijsrem.com/download/radar-technology-with-mimo-ofdm-and-digital-beamforming/?wpdmdl=49480&refresh=6809e294d0fe31745478292","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240841","display_name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","issn_l":"2582-3930","issn":["2582-3930"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.55041/ijsrem45565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45565","pdf_url":"https://ijsrem.com/download/radar-technology-with-mimo-ofdm-and-digital-beamforming/?wpdmdl=49480&refresh=6809e294d0fe31745478292","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240841","display_name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","issn_l":"2582-3930","issn":["2582-3930"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409727455.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409727455.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780252087","https://openalex.org/W2890273742","https://openalex.org/W2121063273","https://openalex.org/W2337309234","https://openalex.org/W2130902301","https://openalex.org/W1981344466","https://openalex.org/W4390447722","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2092456355","https://openalex.org/W2384638277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Radar":[1],"technology":[2,111,190],"has":[3],"developed":[4],"revolutionary":[5],"leaps":[6],"from":[7],"its":[8],"early":[9],"beginnings":[10],"to":[11,135,214],"the":[12,21,32,98,148,165,189,194],"sophisticated":[13],"systems":[14,65,107],"that":[15,211],"are":[16,66],"pulse-based":[17],"but":[18],"now":[19],"incorporate":[20],"latest":[22],"signal":[23,57],"processing":[24],"and":[25,37,53,59,81,90,117,128,144,158,176,185,206],"communication":[26,95],"technologies.":[27],"This":[28,120],"article":[29,163],"delves":[30],"into":[31],"historical":[33],"evolution,":[34],"present":[35],"advances,":[36],"future":[38,177,210],"directions":[39],"of":[40,62,150,168,182,191,196],"radar":[41,64,106,110,130,160,169,192],"systems,":[42,173],"with":[43,94,132],"a":[44,209],"focus":[45],"on":[46],"their":[47],"increasing":[48],"use":[49],"in":[50,170,208],"civilian,":[51],"military,":[52],"scientific":[54],"applications.":[55,119],"Static":[56],"transmission":[58],"mechanical":[60],"scanning":[61],"conventional":[63],"being":[67,113],"replaced":[68],"by":[69],"dynamic":[70],"models":[71],"like":[72,103],"Orthogonal":[73],"Frequency":[74],"Division":[75],"Multiplexing":[76],"(OFDM),":[77],"Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output":[78],"(MIMO)":[79],"setups,":[80],"digital":[82],"beamforming.":[83],"These":[84],"technologies":[85],"improve":[86],"resolution,":[87],"minimize":[88],"interference,":[89],"allow":[91],"dual":[92],"functionality":[93],"systems.":[96,179],"At":[97],"same":[99],"time,":[100],"low-cost":[101],"solutions":[102],"Arduino-based":[104],"ultrasonic":[105],"show":[108],"how":[109],"is":[112,202,212],"democratized":[114],"for":[115],"educational":[116],"small-scale":[118],"research":[121],"integrates":[122],"theoretical":[123],"foundations":[124],"such":[125,138,153],"as":[126,139,154],"monostatic":[127],"bistatic":[129],"equations":[131],"applied":[133],"breakthroughs":[134],"overcome":[136],"issues":[137],"spectral":[140],"efficiency,":[141],"interference":[142],"cancellation,":[143],"hardware":[145],"miniaturization.":[146],"Through":[147],"analysis":[149],"upcoming":[151],"trends":[152],"cognitive":[155],"radar,":[156],"SAR,":[157],"vehicular":[159],"networks,":[161],"this":[162],"highlights":[164],"leading":[166],"role":[167],"facilitating":[171],"autonomous":[172],"environmental":[174],"monitoring,":[175],"defense":[178],"The":[180],"combination":[181],"adaptive":[183],"algorithms":[184],"machine":[186],"learning":[187],"puts":[188],"at":[193],"peak":[195],"intelligent":[197],"sensor":[198],"solutions,":[199],"where":[200],"it":[201],"guaranteeing":[203],"unparalleled":[204],"adaptability":[205],"precision":[207],"going":[213],"be":[215],"extremely":[216],"connected.":[217],"o":[218],"KEYWORDS:":[219],"Automobile,":[220],"Electronic,":[221],"Innovations,":[222],"Technology,":[223],"Amplitude,":[224],"Clutter,":[225],"Echo,":[226],"Phase,":[227],"Target,":[228],"Arduino,":[229],"Ultrasonic":[230],"sensor,":[231],"Servo":[232],"motor,":[233],"Simulation,":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}