{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409727441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050341","title":"Exploring the Application of Text-to-Image Generation Technology in Art Education at Vocational Senior High Schools in Taiwan","display_name":"Exploring the Application of Text-to-Image Generation Technology in Art Education at Vocational Senior High Schools in Taiwan","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409727441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16050341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050341","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/5/341/pdf?version=1745477609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/5/341/pdf?version=1745477609","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022537268","display_name":"Chin-Wen Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-3146","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-3146"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Wen Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Teacher Education, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City 500208, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-3146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Teacher Education, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091724391","display_name":"Hsiang-Wei Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiang-Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City 500208, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025873944","display_name":"Bo-Siang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2864-1593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2864-1593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204246437","display_name":"Nan Kai University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05v3pg621","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204246437"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Siang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vehicle Engineering, Nan Kai University of Technology, No. 568, Zhongzheng Rd., Caotun Township, Nantou City 542020, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vehicle Engineering, Nan Kai University of Technology, No. 568, Zhongzheng Rd., Caotun Township, Nantou City 542020, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204246437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064567661","display_name":"I-Chi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-9170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-9170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65446980","display_name":"National Chin-Yi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040bs6h16","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Chi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liberal Education Center, College of General Education, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Taiping Dist., Taichung City 411030, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liberal Education Center, College of General Education, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Taiping Dist., Taichung City 411030, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058376968","display_name":"Wei\u2010Sho Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-8102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-8102"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Sho Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","NCUE Alumni Association, National Changhua University of Education, Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua City 500207, Taiwan","Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, Bao-Shan Campus, National Changhua University of Education, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","NCUE Alumni Association, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua City 500207, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-8102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCUE Alumni Association, National Changhua University of Education, Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua City 500207, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, Bao-Shan Campus, National Changhua University of Education, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCUE Alumni Association, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua City 500207, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101399963","display_name":"Wei-Lun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1286-4481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1286-4481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184693016","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v408z34","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131804","display_name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03nteze27","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131804"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Lun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Services Adminstration, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Taichung City 406040, Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","Medical Affairs Office, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei City 100225, Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City 500208, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1286-4481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Services Adminstration, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Taichung City 406040, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Affairs Office, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei City 100225, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131804"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City 500208, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025873944","https://openalex.org/A5058376968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204246437","https://openalex.org/I70522481"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":129.1686,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99942785,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"341","last_page":"341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12179","display_name":"Art Education and Development","score":0.5512999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12179","display_name":"Art Education and Development","score":0.5512999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.3513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14254","display_name":"Digital Media and Visual Art","score":0.07079999893903732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-to-image-generation","display_name":"text-to-image generation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"generative AI in education","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-education","display_name":"art education","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-integration","display_name":"technology integration","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creative-thinking","display_name":"creative thinking","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognition","display_name":"metacognition","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-based-learning","display_name":"project-based learning","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prompt-engineering","display_name":"prompt engineering","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergent-thinking","display_name":"divergent thinking","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-art","display_name":"conceptual art","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.8237572908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.43781036138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.38417837023735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3619116544723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3135380148887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3042106032371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18795615434646606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16050341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050341","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/5/341/pdf?version=1745477609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7c6a85de9c347dd8da14f0703d197b9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7c6a85de9c347dd8da14f0703d197b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 341 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16050341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050341","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/5/341/pdf?version=1745477609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409727441.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409727441.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4221108261","https://openalex.org/W4308002159","https://openalex.org/W4378373043","https://openalex.org/W4385175044","https://openalex.org/W4388536410","https://openalex.org/W4390646614","https://openalex.org/W4392671990","https://openalex.org/W4396958077","https://openalex.org/W4399914479","https://openalex.org/W4406343183","https://openalex.org/W4408656302","https://openalex.org/W4410116957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2380390437","https://openalex.org/W2375879481","https://openalex.org/W2379499042","https://openalex.org/W2085030793","https://openalex.org/W2379042346","https://openalex.org/W2358108624","https://openalex.org/W4285294884","https://openalex.org/W2355752246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exploring":[0],"the":[1,182,191],"potential":[2],"of":[3,20,105,184],"text-to-image":[4,74],"generation":[5],"technology":[6,21,75,141],"in":[7,81,178],"Taiwanese":[8],"vocational":[9],"high":[10,172],"school":[11,173],"art":[12,40,117,174],"courses,":[13],"this":[14],"study":[15,49],"employs":[16],"a":[17,53,58,157,164],"conceptual":[18,96],"framework":[19],"integration,":[22],"creative":[23,46],"thinking,":[24,148],"and":[25,43,45,66,87,90,95,128,135,146,168,180,188],"metacognitive":[26,144],"abilities,":[27],"focusing":[28],"on":[29,32],"its":[30],"effects":[31],"teaching":[33,154],"strategies":[34],"as":[35,37,84],"well":[36],"students\u2019":[38,79,186],"digital":[39,116,159,193],"creation":[41,89],"skills":[42,118,145],"cognitive":[44],"development.":[47],"The":[48,69,140],"was":[50],"conducted":[51],"through":[52],"multi-methodological":[54],"approach":[55],"that":[56,72],"includes":[57],"systematic":[59],"literature":[60],"review":[61],"plus":[62],"participatory":[63],"action":[64],"research":[65],"qualitative":[67],"analysis.":[68],"results":[70],"showed":[71],"integrating":[73],"with":[76,126],"education":[77,175],"boosted":[78],"interest":[80],"activities":[82],"such":[83],"prompt":[85],"design":[86],"project":[88],"suited":[91],"themes":[92],"like":[93],"landscapes":[94],"art.":[97],"Testing":[98],"AI":[99],"tools":[100],"enhanced":[101],"technical":[102],"proficiency":[103],"(average":[104],"3.95/5),":[106],"while":[107],"pedagogy":[108],"shifted":[109],"to":[110,122,150],"project-based":[111],"learning,":[112],"increasing":[113],"engagement.":[114],"Students\u2019":[115],"improved":[119],"from":[120],"3.26":[121],"3.78":[123],"(16%":[124],"growth),":[125],"creativity":[127],"originality":[129],"(3.82/5),":[130],"style":[131],"diversity,":[132],"visual":[133],"complexity,":[134],"divergent":[136],"thinking":[137],"notably":[138],"advanced.":[139],"also":[142],"fostered":[143],"critical":[147],"proving":[149],"be":[151],"an":[152],"effective":[153],"aid":[155],"beyond":[156],"mere":[158],"tool.":[160],"This":[161],"discovery":[162],"provides":[163],"fresh":[165],"theoretical":[166],"viewpoint":[167],"instructional":[169],"procedures":[170],"for":[171],"curricula,":[176],"anchored":[177],"technology,":[179],"highlights":[181],"importance":[183],"nurturing":[185],"innovativeness":[187],"adaptability":[189],"within":[190],"contemporary":[192],"age.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}