{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409727144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091722","title":"Research on Consensus Algorithm for Intellectual Property Authentication Based on PBFT","display_name":"Research on Consensus Algorithm for Intellectual Property Authentication Based on PBFT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409727144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics14091722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091722","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/9/1722/pdf?version=1745419421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/9/1722/pdf?version=1745419421","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100759169","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-8452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-8452","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-5503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073125952","display_name":"Wenlong Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-6580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-6580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011132245","display_name":"Mengxing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-703X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-703X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengxing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058207438","display_name":"Siling Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8627-2028","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8627-2028"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siling Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111190472","display_name":"Dan Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073125952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":4.3125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94337524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"1722","last_page":"1722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13913","display_name":"Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practical-byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"PBFT","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithms","display_name":"consensus algorithms","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"blockchain","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interplanetary-file-system","display_name":"IPFS","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-databases","display_name":"distributed databases","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node-classification","display_name":"node classification","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-overhead","display_name":"communication overhead","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"throughput","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright-authentication","display_name":"copyright authentication","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.7580000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.7245464324951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983222225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6019718050956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5987111330032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5227170586585999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46140921115875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4416210353374481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18853211402893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics14091722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091722","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/9/1722/pdf?version=1745419421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics14091722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091722","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/9/1722/pdf?version=1745419421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409727144.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409727144.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020765652","https://openalex.org/W2110040347","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2296559352","https://openalex.org/W2535104337","https://openalex.org/W2889996626","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W3036131692","https://openalex.org/W3125663963","https://openalex.org/W4301185598","https://openalex.org/W4321614483","https://openalex.org/W4382862618","https://openalex.org/W4390501538","https://openalex.org/W4394976060","https://openalex.org/W4397010953","https://openalex.org/W4401175694","https://openalex.org/W4404582580","https://openalex.org/W4405012092","https://openalex.org/W4406728743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998011869","https://openalex.org/W4213209802","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W4298146316","https://openalex.org/W2236267847","https://openalex.org/W631166945","https://openalex.org/W4282843169","https://openalex.org/W3021519232","https://openalex.org/W2391064200","https://openalex.org/W3176618911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"intellectual":[1,52,172],"property":[2,53,173],"authentication":[3,178,183,188,196],"relies":[4],"on":[5,168],"centralized":[6],"intermediaries,":[7],"which":[8,160],"makes":[9],"it":[10],"difficult":[11],"to":[12,86,115,149,223,233],"address":[13],"issues":[14],"such":[15,30,55],"as":[16,31,56],"forgery,":[17],"lack":[18],"of":[19,28,47,90,120,171,195,213,251,261,267,310,319],"trust,":[20],"and":[21,34,60,75,94,123,126,139,154,191,218,227,238,254,259,304,307],"opaque":[22],"information.":[23],"Combined":[24],"with":[25,77,281],"the":[26,45,63,78,88,102,106,110,117,121,128,131,135,140,144,169,176,181,186,192,200,203,214,224,229,235,244,257,264,272,277,282,287,295,301,305,311,317],"characteristics":[27,170],"blockchain,":[29],"decentralization,":[32],"tampering,":[33],"traceability,":[35],"these":[36],"challenges":[37],"can":[38],"be":[39],"effectively":[40],"dealt":[41],"with.":[42],"Aiming":[43],"at":[44],"shortcomings":[46],"traditional":[48,283,302],"consensus":[49,133,136,158,165,179,184,189,197,209,216,219,225],"algorithms":[50],"in":[51,105,211,249],"authentication,":[54],"high":[57],"communication":[58,252,288],"overhead":[59],"low":[61],"efficiency,":[62],"improved":[64,315],"PBFT":[65,208],"(Practical":[66],"Byzantine":[67],"Fault":[68],"Tolerance)":[69],"algorithm":[70,99,146,201,246],"(MBFT":[71],"algorithm)":[72],"is":[73,147,161,297],"proposed":[74],"combined":[76],"distributed":[79],"database":[80],"IPFS":[81,268],"(Inter":[82],"Planetary":[83],"File":[84],"System)":[85],"alleviate":[87],"pressure":[89],"blockchain":[91],"data":[92],"storage":[93],"enhance":[95],"operational":[96],"efficiency.":[97],"The":[98,240],"first":[100],"adopts":[101],"evaluation":[103],"system":[104,312],"hierarchical":[107],"mechanism,":[108],"invokes":[109],"Fibonacci":[111],"series":[112],"incremental":[113],"law":[114],"update":[116,232],"Score":[118],"value":[119],"nodes":[122,129,320],"sort":[124],"them,":[125],"divides":[127],"into":[130,163],"classification":[132,157,215],"layer,":[134,138],"confirmation":[137,220],"supervision":[141],"layer.":[142],"Secondly,":[143],"Maglev":[145],"used":[148],"generate":[150],"a":[151,156],"lookup":[152],"table":[153],"design":[155],"strategy,":[159],"divided":[162],"four":[164],"groups":[166],"based":[167],"categories,":[174],"namely,":[175],"patent":[177],"group,":[180,185,190],"trademark":[182],"copyright":[187],"other":[193],"types":[194],"group.":[198],"Then,":[199],"optimizes":[202],"consistency":[204],"protocol,":[205],"carries":[206],"out":[207],"once":[210],"each":[212],"layers":[217],"layers,":[221],"according":[222],"situation,":[226],"realizes":[228],"nodes\u2019":[230],"dynamic":[231],"ensure":[234],"consensus\u2019s":[236],"accuracy":[237],"reliability.":[239],"experiments":[241],"show":[242],"that":[243],"MBFT":[245,285],"performs":[247],"better":[248],"terms":[250],"complexity":[253,289],"throughput.":[255],"As":[256],"number":[258,318],"size":[260],"files":[262],"increase,":[263],"execution":[265],"time":[266],"progressively":[269],"lengthens.":[270],"However,":[271],"overall":[273],"performance":[274],"still":[275],"meets":[276],"actual":[278],"demand.":[279],"Compared":[280],"PBFT,":[284,303],"improves":[286],"by":[290],"about":[291,298],"50%":[292],"or":[293],"more,":[294],"throughput":[296],"3":[299],"times":[300],"scalability":[306],"response":[308],"speed":[309],"are":[313],"significantly":[314],"when":[316],"increases.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}