{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409721908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","title":"Salivary Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Expression: A Gateway to Early Detection of Oral Submucous Fibrosis","display_name":"Salivary Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Expression: A Gateway to Early Detection of Oral Submucous Fibrosis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409721908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183030","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","issn_l":"2308-2593","issn":["2308-2593","2313-7371"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","host_organization_name":"Ziauddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106714271","display_name":"Shafaq Saeed Roghay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-6021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-6021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974024","display_name":"Baqai Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v2x9m21","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974024"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shafaq Saeed Roghay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074628333","display_name":"Afifa Razi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-366X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-366X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","display_name":"Ziauddin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vz8ns51","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afifa Razi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University,Karachi,Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-366X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University,Karachi,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080343133","display_name":"Hira Batool","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","display_name":"Ziauddin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vz8ns51","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hira Batool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University,Karachi,Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University,Karachi,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044656298","display_name":"Saima Akram Butt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-6917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-6917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","display_name":"Ziauddin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vz8ns51","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saima Akram Butt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University,Karachi,Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-6917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University,Karachi,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011136089","display_name":"Fizza Abidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-6306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-6306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","display_name":"Ziauddin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vz8ns51","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fizza Abidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University,Karachi,Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-6306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University,Karachi,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108830582","display_name":"Saima Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-597X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-597X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","display_name":"Ziauddin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vz8ns51","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saima Sameer Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-597X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.812,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72607316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11521","display_name":"Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12198","display_name":"Oral health in cancer treatment","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-submucous-fibrosis","display_name":"oral submucous fibrosis","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-fibroblast-growth-factor","display_name":"basic fibroblast growth factor","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-biomarkers","display_name":"salivary biomarkers","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-detection","display_name":"early detection","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibrosis-progression","display_name":"fibrosis progression","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-use","display_name":"tobacco use","score":0.8550000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780672762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7099404","display_name":"Oral submucous fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.8656091690063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777710495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527195","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","level":2,"score":0.6663901209831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74373430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24727126","display_name":"Fibroblast growth factor","level":3,"score":0.6137492060661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780381497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463418","display_name":"Fibroblast","level":3,"score":0.46344614028930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986629439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9635","display_name":"Oral cavity","level":2,"score":0.4406138062477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.43123820424079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.4191249907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41855138540267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.3810625672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.30979663133621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.268520712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2381594181060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19835758209228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.12277418375015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.0785859227180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.06399554014205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183030","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","issn_l":"2308-2593","issn":["2308-2593","2313-7371"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","host_organization_name":"Ziauddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bc953f82fe4c42a687c6fed8b5d4f93c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bc953f82fe4c42a687c6fed8b5d4f93c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry, Vol 14, Iss 2 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183030","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","issn_l":"2308-2593","issn":["2308-2593","2313-7371"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","host_organization_name":"Ziauddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087549999","https://openalex.org/W1506280785","https://openalex.org/W2409698847","https://openalex.org/W2063730419","https://openalex.org/W3008183554","https://openalex.org/W4399145165","https://openalex.org/W3083786841","https://openalex.org/W1973989620","https://openalex.org/W2945991410","https://openalex.org/W2511306639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Basic":[1],"fibroblast":[2,12],"growth":[3],"factor":[4],"(bFGF)":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,18,145,236],"cytokine,":[8],"mainly":[9],"secreted":[10],"by":[11],"cells":[13],"which":[14],"are":[15],"implicated":[16],"as":[17,223],"source":[19],"of":[20,28,36,60,81,119,129,200,214,250],"extracellular":[21],"matrix":[22],"in":[23,42,56,68,94,204,216,224,247,257],"fibrotic":[24],"regions.":[25],"The":[26,198],"objective":[27],"this":[29],"research":[30],"was":[31,54,105,108,140,153,183,202],"to":[32,185,193,230],"study":[33,53],"the":[34,57,126,205,226],"expression":[35],"salivary":[37,74,172,248],"bFGF":[38,173,201,215,251],"with":[39,44,144,189,259],"clinical":[40,92,134,160],"characteristics":[41,161],"patients":[43],"Oral":[45,82,130,260],"submucous":[46,83,261],"fibrosis":[47,84],"and":[48,63,79,87,117,149,162,169,180,234,241],"healthy":[49],"controls.":[50],"Methods:":[51],"This":[52],"conducted":[55],"Dental":[58],"OPD":[59],"Ziauddin":[61,90],"University":[62],"Abbasi":[64],"Shaheed":[65],"Hospital,":[66],"Karachi":[67],"2019":[69],"(0370718SSOM).":[70],"A":[71],"total":[72],"180":[73],"samples":[75,207],",including":[76],"90":[77],"controls":[78,217,242],"cases":[80,128,225,240,258],"were":[85,136,164,175,218,228],"processed":[86],"investigated":[88],"at":[89],"University's":[91],"laboratory":[93],"North":[95],"Nazimabad":[96],"using":[97,166,177],"ELISA":[98],"technique.":[99],"Non-":[100],"probability":[101],"consecutive":[102],"sampling":[103],"technique":[104],"used.":[106],"Questionnaire":[107],"used":[109,141],"for":[110,121,142],"recording":[111],"socio":[112],"-":[113],"demographic":[114],"data,":[115],"frequency":[116],"duration":[118],"tobacco":[120],"all":[122,125,210],"participants.":[123,211],"For":[124],"diagnosed":[127],"Submucous":[131],"Fibrosis":[132],"(OSF),":[133],"parameters":[135],"noted.":[137],"SPSS":[138],"v20":[139],"analysis":[143],"95%":[146,190],"confidence":[147,191],"interval":[148],"80%":[150],"power;":[151],"normality":[152],"tested":[154],"via":[155],"Kolmogorov-Smirnov":[156],"test,":[157],"associations":[158],"between":[159],"biomarker":[163],"assessed":[165],"one-way":[167],"ANOVA":[168],"pooled":[170,178],"t-test,":[171,179],"levels":[174,213,227],"compared":[176],"logistic":[181],"regression":[182],"applied":[184],"calculate":[186],"odds":[187],"ratios":[188],"intervals":[192],"assess":[194],"exposure-outcome":[195],"associations.":[196],"Results:":[197],"presence":[199],"detected":[203],"saliva":[206],"taken":[208],"from":[209],"Mean":[212],"2.59":[219],"\u00b1":[220,232],"2.44":[221],"where":[222],"elevated":[229],"8.97":[231],"2.96":[233],"showed":[235],"significant":[237],"correlation":[238],"among":[239],"(p<0.001).":[243],"Conclusion:":[244],"An":[245],"increase":[246],"level":[249],"may":[252],"indicate":[253],"an":[254],"irreversible":[255],"progression":[256],"Fibrosis.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
