{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409702467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093978","title":"Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 Regulates Tryptophan and Its Metabolites","display_name":"Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 Regulates Tryptophan and Its Metabolites","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409702467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093978","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40362217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms26093978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093978","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/9/3978/pdf?version=1745398369","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/9/3978/pdf?version=1745398369","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018040232","display_name":"Katsunori Nonogaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-7073","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-7073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katsunori Nonogaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Diabetes and Nutrition, RARiS, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramakiaza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Diabetes and Nutrition, RARiS, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramakiaza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035722401","display_name":"Takao Kaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-1485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-1485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takao Kaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Diabetes and Nutrition, RARiS, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramakiaza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Diabetes and Nutrition, RARiS, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramakiaza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018040232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":2.1662,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87961336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"9","first_page":"3978","last_page":"3978"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tph1","display_name":"tryptophan hydroxylase 1","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tryptophan-metabolism","display_name":"tryptophan metabolism","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serotonin-synthesis","display_name":"serotonin synthesis","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-hydroxyindoleacetic-acid","display_name":"5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kynurenine-pathway","display_name":"kynurenine pathway","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xanthurenic-acid","display_name":"xanthurenic acid","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indolepropionic-acid","display_name":"indolepropionic acid","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indole-3-acetic-acid","display_name":"indole-3-acetic acid","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-glucose-homeostasis","display_name":"blood glucose homeostasis","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgf21","display_name":"FGF21","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-consumption","display_name":"dietary intake","score":0.7440000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775951788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418293","display_name":"Tryptophan hydroxylase","level":5,"score":0.9217789173126221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779999352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18049432","display_name":"TPH2","level":5,"score":0.8198676705360413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776706248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181003","display_name":"Tryptophan","level":3,"score":0.7692033052444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6998757719993591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6845775246620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.6391856670379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777503454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415768","display_name":"Kynurenine","level":4,"score":0.5534708499908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779187253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961262","display_name":"Xanthurenic acid","level":4,"score":0.514970600605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.4474489688873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.44320008158683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.40529242157936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3460600972175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.2688068151473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37000724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50430226","display_name":"Serotonergic","level":4,"score":0.20049011707305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16479086875915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.07539507746696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005346","descriptor_name":"Fibroblast Growth Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005346","descriptor_name":"Fibroblast Growth Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005346","descriptor_name":"Fibroblast Growth Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007210","descriptor_name":"Indoleacetic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007210","descriptor_name":"Indoleacetic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007210","descriptor_name":"Indoleacetic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007737","descriptor_name":"Kynurenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007737","descriptor_name":"Kynurenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007737","descriptor_name":"Kynurenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007737","descriptor_name":"Kynurenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007737","descriptor_name":"Kynurenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007737","descriptor_name":"Kynurenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014364","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014364","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014364","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014364","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014364","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014364","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014365","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan Hydroxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014365","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan Hydroxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014365","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan Hydroxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014365","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan Hydroxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014365","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan Hydroxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014365","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan Hydroxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014977","descriptor_name":"Xanthurenates","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014977","descriptor_name":"Xanthurenates","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014977","descriptor_name":"Xanthurenates","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms26093978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093978","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/9/3978/pdf?version=1745398369","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202503.1209.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202503.1209.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202503.1209.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:40362217","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40362217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of molecular sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms26093978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093978","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/9/3978/pdf?version=1745398369","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2930229878","display_name":"Dietary proteins regulate feeding signals and metabolism","funder_award_id":"22K08665","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409702467.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409702467.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976114760","https://openalex.org/W1996234987","https://openalex.org/W1998138869","https://openalex.org/W1998807018","https://openalex.org/W2071852323","https://openalex.org/W2073544062","https://openalex.org/W2082645451","https://openalex.org/W2133706171","https://openalex.org/W2179347489","https://openalex.org/W2901753855","https://openalex.org/W2937633928","https://openalex.org/W2974292424","https://openalex.org/W3088220936","https://openalex.org/W3117284839","https://openalex.org/W3133888164","https://openalex.org/W3180184988","https://openalex.org/W4285796564","https://openalex.org/W4400723535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097078061","https://openalex.org/W2059742646","https://openalex.org/W2147191610","https://openalex.org/W2317454317","https://openalex.org/W341367255","https://openalex.org/W2168302016","https://openalex.org/W3139020341","https://openalex.org/W2092446347","https://openalex.org/W4283740915","https://openalex.org/W2378530814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tryptophan":[0],"hydroxylase":[1],"(Tph),":[2],"the":[3,75,83,132],"rate-limiting":[4],"enzyme":[5],"of":[6,41],"serotonin":[7],"(5-hydroxytryptophan;":[8],"5-HT)":[9],"synthesis,":[10],"exists":[11],"in":[12,61,77,95,109,131],"two":[13],"isoforms,":[14],"Tph1":[15,18,90,114,125],"and":[16,23,38,43,56,79,100,112,128,134],"Tph2.":[17],"upregulates":[19,29],"peripheral":[20],"5-HT":[21,25,31,84],"synthesis":[22],"blood":[24,104,139],"levels,":[26,103],"whereas":[27],"Tph2":[28],"brain":[30,39],"synthesis.":[32],"Here,":[33],"we":[34],"show":[35],"that":[36,124],"plasma":[37,101,133],"levels":[40,106],"tryptophan":[42,78,127],"its":[44,80,129],"metabolites,":[45],"including":[46],"5-HT,":[47],"5-hydroxy":[48],"indoleacetic":[49],"acid,":[50,52,54,58],"indolepropionic":[51],"indole-3-acetic":[53],"kynurenine,":[55],"xanthurenic":[57],"are":[59],"decreased":[60],"young":[62,111],"(8-week-old)":[63],"Tph1-mutant":[64],"mice":[65],"compared":[66,116],"with":[67,117],"age-matched":[68,118],"wild-type":[69,119],"mice.":[70,120],"In":[71],"older":[72,113],"(7-month-old)":[73],"Tph1-mutants,":[74],"decreases":[76],"metabolites":[81,130],"outside":[82],"pathway":[85],"were":[86,107],"diminished.":[87],"Although":[88],"single-housed":[89],"mutants":[91,115],"displayed":[92],"age-related":[93],"alterations":[94],"food":[96],"intake,":[97],"body":[98],"weight,":[99],"FGF21":[102],"glucose":[105,140],"lower":[108],"both":[110],"These":[121],"findings":[122],"suggest":[123],"regulates":[126],"brain,":[135],"as":[136,138],"well":[137],"homeostasis.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
