{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409469065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/adcd0f","title":"LECipher: a low energy lightweight block cipher for intelligent environment monitoring system","display_name":"LECipher: a low energy lightweight block cipher for intelligent environment monitoring system","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409469065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/adcd0f"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1402-4896/adcd0f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/adcd0f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/adcd0f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59012888","display_name":"Physica Scripta","issn_l":"0031-8949","issn":["0031-8949","1402-4896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physica Scripta","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015297538","display_name":"Ruihan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4778-1359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4778-1359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149735164","display_name":"Hengyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/006bvjm48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruihan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace Security Technology and Applications, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4778-1359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace Security Technology and Applications, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383617","display_name":"Lang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-4499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-4499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149735164","display_name":"Hengyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/006bvjm48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace Security Technology and Applications, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-4499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace Security Technology and Applications, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Siqi Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149735164","display_name":"Hengyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/006bvjm48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace Security Technology and Applications, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace Security Technology and Applications, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100383617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05087644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"5","first_page":"055025","last_page":"055025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightweight-block-cipher","display_name":"lightweight block cipher","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-feistel-structure","display_name":"generalized Feistel structure","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-schedule","display_name":"key schedule","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-area-reduction","display_name":"hardware area reduction","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iot-security","display_name":"Internet of Things security","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encrypted-data-transmission","display_name":"encrypted data transmission","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.7072904109954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6238549947738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989164559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15637420","display_name":"Low energy","level":2,"score":0.592244029045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5019161701202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46534264087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43721893429756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3276202082633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.17859423160552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06367707252502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1402-4896/adcd0f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/adcd0f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/adcd0f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59012888","display_name":"Physica Scripta","issn_l":"0031-8949","issn":["0031-8949","1402-4896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physica Scripta","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6773999929428101}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182571705","https://openalex.org/W1522919234","https://openalex.org/W1590392383","https://openalex.org/W1883151075","https://openalex.org/W1904699185","https://openalex.org/W2062997882","https://openalex.org/W2087928947","https://openalex.org/W2293947265","https://openalex.org/W2504919933","https://openalex.org/W2592206357","https://openalex.org/W2608158105","https://openalex.org/W2621100381","https://openalex.org/W2727299004","https://openalex.org/W2765474737","https://openalex.org/W2940582210","https://openalex.org/W3037774646","https://openalex.org/W3082530243","https://openalex.org/W3095289892","https://openalex.org/W3184593118","https://openalex.org/W4236076758","https://openalex.org/W4236509984","https://openalex.org/W4240033684","https://openalex.org/W4251810237","https://openalex.org/W4254435982","https://openalex.org/W4294577353","https://openalex.org/W4312300082","https://openalex.org/W4312770993","https://openalex.org/W4386999093","https://openalex.org/W4387348097","https://openalex.org/W4389267612","https://openalex.org/W4389337860","https://openalex.org/W4391352088","https://openalex.org/W4391947994","https://openalex.org/W4392887441","https://openalex.org/W4392901779","https://openalex.org/W4392970389","https://openalex.org/W4395117042","https://openalex.org/W4396968171","https://openalex.org/W4400672922","https://openalex.org/W4402738069","https://openalex.org/W4404884688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949283829","https://openalex.org/W2372403409","https://openalex.org/W2190847501","https://openalex.org/W4242726756","https://openalex.org/W3030696647","https://openalex.org/W2793713134","https://openalex.org/W2592997279","https://openalex.org/W3106674947","https://openalex.org/W4313446873","https://openalex.org/W2560473362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Significant":[1],"energy":[2,189],"challenges":[3],"are":[4,109,150],"faced":[5],"in":[6,11,99,138,240],"real-time":[7],"secure":[8],"data":[9],"monitoring":[10,14,29,225],"intelligent":[12,27,223],"environmental":[13,28,224],"systems.":[15],"A":[16,111],"lightweight":[17],"block":[18],"cipher":[19],"LECipher":[20,126,168,210,229],"is":[21,41,53,117,136,190,230],"proposed":[22],"to":[23,119,156,182],"provide":[24],"security":[25,123,206,213],"for":[26,219],"systems":[30,226],"with":[31,78,92,197],"low":[32],"energy.":[33],"Firstly,":[34],"a":[35,183],"generalized":[36],"Feistel":[37],"variant":[38],"structure":[39],"(GFS)":[40],"proposed,":[42],"which":[43,232],"has":[44,74],"good":[45],"diffusivity.":[46],"Secondly,":[47],"an":[48,216],"8-bit":[49,82],"S-box":[50,64],"generation":[51],"scheme":[52],"constructed":[54,118],"based":[55,227],"on":[56,127,176,228],"Boolean":[57],"functions.":[58],"The":[59,130,188],"hardware":[60,72,185],"area":[61,73],"of":[62,124,133,160,167,222,237,242],"the":[63,79,93,100,122,125,139,145,158,161,177,198,235],"only":[65,170],"requires":[66],"25.32":[67],"Gate":[68],"Equivalents":[69],"(GE).":[70],"Its":[71],"significant":[75],"advantages":[76],"compared":[77,196],"currently":[80],"published":[81],"S-boxes.":[83],"Then,":[84],"using":[85],"XOR":[86],"and":[87,165,173,194,200],"cyclic":[88],"shift":[89],"operations":[90,149],"combined":[91],"recursive":[94],"depth-first":[95],"search":[96],"(DFS)":[97],"strategy":[98],"linear":[101],"layer.":[102],"Two":[103],"8th-order":[104],"binary":[105,113],"involution":[106,114],"circulant":[107,115],"matrices":[108],"constructed.":[110],"16th-order":[112],"matrix":[116],"further":[120,233],"improve":[121,157],"this":[128],"basis.":[129],"design":[131],"idea":[132],"dynamic":[134],"adjustment":[135],"adopted":[137],"key":[140,147],"schedule":[141,148],"algorithm.":[142],"More":[143],"specially,":[144],"different":[146],"performed":[151],"alternately":[152],"every":[153],"three":[154],"rounds":[155],"randomization":[159],"round":[162],"key.":[163],"Encryption":[164],"decryption":[166],"require":[169],"1542":[171],"GE":[172],"6.50":[174],"\u03bcJ/bit":[175],"UMC":[178],"0.18":[179],"\u03bcm,":[180],"according":[181],"detailed":[184],"performance":[186],"evaluation.":[187],"reduced":[191],"by":[192],"61%":[193],"29%":[195],"SKINNY":[199],"Midori":[201],"ciphers,":[202],"respectively.":[203],"Furthermore,":[204],"comprehensive":[205],"analyses":[207],"show":[208],"that":[209],"maintains":[211],"sufficient":[212],"boundaries.":[214],"Finally,":[215],"experimental":[217],"platform":[218],"encrypted":[220],"transmission":[221],"established,":[231],"verifies":[234],"feasibility":[236],"its":[238],"application":[239],"internet":[241],"things":[243],"(IoT)":[244],"devices.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
