{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409469044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/adccf5","title":"Characteristics, Classification and Challenges in Searching for CEMP Stars","display_name":"Characteristics, Classification and Challenges in Searching for CEMP Stars","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409469044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/adccf5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-4527/adccf5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/adccf5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/adccf5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174657117","display_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"1674-4527","issn":["1674-4527","2397-6209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074168295","display_name":"L. He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9905-1106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9905-1106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lefeng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; xiangru.li@qq.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; xiangru.li@qq.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101777692","display_name":"Xiangru Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-6959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-6959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangru Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; xiangru.li@qq.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; xiangru.li@qq.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056296698","display_name":"Xiaoming Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-4749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-4749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Electronic Packaging Testing and Application, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Electronic Packaging Testing and Application, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006467926","display_name":"A-Li Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-2648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-2648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164580","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/058pyyv44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A-Li Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102857083","display_name":"Yang Haifeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-1455","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-1455"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46305995","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcbdc92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03264095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"055012","last_page":"055012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-enhanced-metal-poor-stars","display_name":"carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-capture-elements","display_name":"neutron-capture elements","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-nucleosynthesis","display_name":"stellar nucleosynthesis","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-iii-stars","display_name":"Population III stars","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supernova-nucleosynthesis","display_name":"supernova nucleosynthesis","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopic-survey","display_name":"spectroscopic survey","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-resolution-spectra","display_name":"low-resolution spectra","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-interpretability","display_name":"model interpretability","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.905392587184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.8310152292251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.8031870722770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.38763895630836487}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-4527/adccf5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/adccf5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/adccf5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174657117","display_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"1674-4527","issn":["1674-4527","2397-6209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657706660","https://openalex.org/W1756743468","https://openalex.org/W1794656970","https://openalex.org/W1898983771","https://openalex.org/W1928877319","https://openalex.org/W1950514562","https://openalex.org/W1984930426","https://openalex.org/W1989818456","https://openalex.org/W1990853251","https://openalex.org/W1991454822","https://openalex.org/W2001617688","https://openalex.org/W2002843317","https://openalex.org/W2017322731","https://openalex.org/W2020215161","https://openalex.org/W2024349468","https://openalex.org/W2031802818","https://openalex.org/W2039280786","https://openalex.org/W2046590943","https://openalex.org/W2047798125","https://openalex.org/W2058812853","https://openalex.org/W2064778606","https://openalex.org/W2087738425","https://openalex.org/W2093943495","https://openalex.org/W2104311895","https://openalex.org/W2110936200","https://openalex.org/W2118848329","https://openalex.org/W2126592105","https://openalex.org/W2140259502","https://openalex.org/W2150510863","https://openalex.org/W2155156277","https://openalex.org/W2155488926","https://openalex.org/W2161669694","https://openalex.org/W2165265566","https://openalex.org/W2167372337","https://openalex.org/W2167831930","https://openalex.org/W2171999902","https://openalex.org/W2176148042","https://openalex.org/W2177576692","https://openalex.org/W2239424188","https://openalex.org/W2517113413","https://openalex.org/W2600438259","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2620960084","https://openalex.org/W2765302758","https://openalex.org/W2777402735","https://openalex.org/W2808324290","https://openalex.org/W2810080389","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2886046292","https://openalex.org/W2894135369","https://openalex.org/W2900856945","https://openalex.org/W2902783594","https://openalex.org/W2917080777","https://openalex.org/W2944255066","https://openalex.org/W2949380767","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2981376639","https://openalex.org/W3012986936","https://openalex.org/W3033299805","https://openalex.org/W3118326675","https://openalex.org/W3123590976","https://openalex.org/W3141027935","https://openalex.org/W3191798705","https://openalex.org/W3201346996","https://openalex.org/W4253710164","https://openalex.org/W4285988074","https://openalex.org/W4288546623","https://openalex.org/W4288693504","https://openalex.org/W4300124976","https://openalex.org/W4310849735","https://openalex.org/W4353102922","https://openalex.org/W4379984777","https://openalex.org/W4385481271","https://openalex.org/W4387101568","https://openalex.org/W4388515743","https://openalex.org/W4391223684","https://openalex.org/W4392938139","https://openalex.org/W4396624398","https://openalex.org/W4399785121","https://openalex.org/W4400479960","https://openalex.org/W4401768510","https://openalex.org/W4403184976","https://openalex.org/W4403329545","https://openalex.org/W4406550992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W4321479465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"study":[2,126,268],"of":[3,9,17,42,59,71,85,97,103,127,142,175,182,216,234,245,269,276,283],"carbon-enhanced":[4],"metal-poor":[5],"(CEMP)":[6],"stars":[7,25,271],"is":[8,79],"great":[10],"significance":[11],"for":[12,122],"understanding":[13,96,275],"the":[14,18,39,57,60,72,80,123,137,162,173,179,189,226,232,243,255,267,280,284],"chemical":[15,281],"evolution":[16,282],"early":[19,63],"universe":[20],"and":[21,31,49,66,92,111,119,125,139,151,164,187,219,242,260,272],"stellar":[22,64,217],"formation.":[23],"CEMP":[24,76,128,148,176,270],"are":[26,32],"characterized":[27],"by":[28,195,239],"carbon":[29],"overabundance":[30],"classified":[33],"into":[34,56],"several":[35],"subclasses":[36,52],"based":[37],"on":[38,136,161],"abundance":[40],"patterns":[41],"neutron-capture":[43],"elements,":[44],"including":[45,231],"CEMP-s,":[46],"CEMP-no,":[47],"CEMP-r,":[48],"CEMP-r/s.":[50],"These":[51],"provide":[53],"important":[54],"insights":[55],"formation":[58],"first":[61],"stars,":[62,87,177],"nucleosynthesis,":[65],"supernova":[67],"explosions.":[68],"However,":[69],"one":[70],"major":[73],"challenges":[74,121],"in":[75,113,145,172,185,210,247,279],"star":[77],"research":[78,227,262],"relatively":[81],"small":[82],"sample":[83],"size":[84],"identified":[86],"which":[88],"limits":[89],"statistical":[90],"analyses":[91],"hinders":[93],"a":[94,101,157],"comprehensive":[95],"their":[98,277],"properties.":[99],"Fortunately,":[100],"series":[102],"large-scale":[104],"spectroscopic":[105],"survey":[106],"projects":[107],"have":[108],"been":[109],"launched":[110],"developed":[112],"recent":[114,170],"years,":[115],"providing":[116],"unprecedented":[117],"opportunities":[118],"technical":[120,158],"search":[124],"stars.":[129],"To":[130,251],"this":[131,133],"end,":[132],"paper":[134,256],"draws":[135],"progress":[138],"future":[140,261],"prospects":[141],"existing":[143],"methods":[144],"constructing":[146],"large":[147,191],"data":[149,192],"sets":[150,193],"offers":[152,207],"an":[153],"in-depth":[154],"discussion":[155],"from":[156],"standpoint,":[159],"focusing":[160],"strengths":[163],"limitations.":[165],"In":[166],"addition,":[167],"we":[168],"review":[169],"advancements":[171],"identification":[174],"emphasizing":[178],"growing":[180],"role":[181,278],"machine":[183,205,248],"learning":[184,206,249],"processing":[186],"analyzing":[188],"increasingly":[190],"generated":[194],"modern":[196],"astronomical":[197],"surveys.":[198],"Compared":[199],"to":[200],"traditional":[201],"spectral":[202],"analysis":[203],"methods,":[204],"greater":[208],"efficiency":[209],"handling":[211],"complex":[212],"data,":[213],"automatic":[214],"extraction":[215],"parameters,":[218],"improved":[220],"prediction":[221],"accuracy.":[222],"Despite":[223],"these":[224,253],"advancements,":[225],"faces":[228],"persistent":[229],"challenges,":[230],"scarcity":[233],"labeled":[235],"samples,":[236],"limitations":[237],"imposed":[238],"low-resolution":[240],"spectra,":[241],"lack":[244],"interpretability":[246],"models.":[250],"address":[252],"issues,":[254],"proposes":[257],"potential":[258],"solutions":[259],"directions":[263],"aimed":[264],"at":[265],"advancing":[266],"enhancing":[273],"our":[274],"universe.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
