{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409466268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","title":"Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull","display_name":"Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409466268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40302778","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12037573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020550286","display_name":"David G. Ellis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-6836","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-6836"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801103358","display_name":"Birmingham City Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04dm6ed68","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108227029","display_name":"Chung Him Au-Yeung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801103358","display_name":"Birmingham City Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04dm6ed68","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung Him Au-Yeung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084336690","display_name":"Alexander Dallaway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2116-6654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2116-6654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119664326","display_name":"University of Wolverhampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01k2y1055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801674322","display_name":"University Hospital Coventry","ror":"https://ror.org/025821s54","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801674322","https://openalex.org/I2802705189"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705189","display_name":"University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/025n38288","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802705189"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Dallaway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Society, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom","Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Society, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801674322","https://openalex.org/I2802705189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117159921","display_name":"Ranjana Basra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099987","display_name":"Birmingham Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xe5zs60","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099987","https://openalex.org/I4210155225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155225","display_name":"Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/056ajev02","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155225"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranjana Basra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099987","https://openalex.org/I4210155225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117159922","display_name":"Sylvia Owusu-Nepaul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099987","display_name":"Birmingham Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xe5zs60","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099987","https://openalex.org/I4210155225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155225","display_name":"Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/056ajev02","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155225"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia Owusu-Nepaul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099987","https://openalex.org/I4210155225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055962615","display_name":"Jenny Riley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801103358","display_name":"Birmingham City Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04dm6ed68","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenny Riley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080059575","display_name":"Rebecca Howell\u2010Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9553-0367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9553-0367"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801103358","display_name":"Birmingham City Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04dm6ed68","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Howell-Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079729840","display_name":"Justin Varney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8928-3291","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8928-3291"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801103358","display_name":"Birmingham City Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04dm6ed68","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Varney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013790521","display_name":"Marion Gibbon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-9970","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-9970"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801103358","display_name":"Birmingham City Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04dm6ed68","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marion Gibbon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020550286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801103358"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.9766,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69030276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1544903","last_page":"1544903"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-birth-outcomes","display_name":"adverse birth outcomes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-birth-weight","display_name":"low birth weight","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-birth","display_name":"preterm birth","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stillbirth","display_name":"stillbirth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-death","display_name":"neonatal death","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-deprivation","display_name":"socioeconomic deprivation","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-inequality","display_name":"ethnic inequality","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-women","display_name":"Asian women","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-women","display_name":"Black women","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-during-pregnancy","display_name":"smoking during pregnancy","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twins","display_name":"twins","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-deprivation","display_name":"housing deprivation","score":0.5479999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7331067323684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779083892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692979","display_name":"Low birth weight","level":3,"score":0.7009003758430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625506","display_name":"Premature birth","level":4,"score":0.6715584993362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6398826241493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.6230660676956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5149758458137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778279030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543380","display_name":"Live birth","level":3,"score":0.45897147059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.45287805795669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.4522838592529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.43950700759887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.387906551361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.3612012565135956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3432428240776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.30736249685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.2988491654396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.11536526679992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09224256873130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007230","descriptor_name":"Infant, Low Birth Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011256","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Outcome","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047928","descriptor_name":"Premature Birth","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D047928","descriptor_name":"Premature Birth","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050497","descriptor_name":"Stillbirth","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050497","descriptor_name":"Stillbirth","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066087","descriptor_name":"Perinatal Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12037573","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12037573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40302778","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40302778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1304cb8ae43407e8ecde8b31af715db","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1304cb8ae43407e8ecde8b31af715db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 13 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wlv.openrepository.com:2436/625929","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://wlv.openrepository.com/handle/2436/625929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401000","display_name":"Wolverhampton Intellectual Repository and E-Theses (University of Wolverhampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119664326","host_organization_name":"University of Wolverhampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409466268.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409466268.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527332124","https://openalex.org/W1539800338","https://openalex.org/W1869956796","https://openalex.org/W1965556070","https://openalex.org/W1988697472","https://openalex.org/W2000487495","https://openalex.org/W2019785226","https://openalex.org/W2021411595","https://openalex.org/W2037956027","https://openalex.org/W2072554726","https://openalex.org/W2079050247","https://openalex.org/W2089587576","https://openalex.org/W2094044824","https://openalex.org/W2098308943","https://openalex.org/W2122013389","https://openalex.org/W2122803547","https://openalex.org/W2133600474","https://openalex.org/W2134751634","https://openalex.org/W2139743450","https://openalex.org/W2145922127","https://openalex.org/W2146725072","https://openalex.org/W2153296990","https://openalex.org/W2171452751","https://openalex.org/W2206449147","https://openalex.org/W2274603571","https://openalex.org/W2281941520","https://openalex.org/W2339695397","https://openalex.org/W2345230431","https://openalex.org/W2405745740","https://openalex.org/W2462675041","https://openalex.org/W2587941297","https://openalex.org/W2598399351","https://openalex.org/W2791186559","https://openalex.org/W2794837367","https://openalex.org/W2797728315","https://openalex.org/W2899327468","https://openalex.org/W2937434029","https://openalex.org/W2956187522","https://openalex.org/W2966632062","https://openalex.org/W3015343689","https://openalex.org/W3131373059","https://openalex.org/W3136152613","https://openalex.org/W3208699009","https://openalex.org/W4221132906","https://openalex.org/W4230863505","https://openalex.org/W4281701423","https://openalex.org/W4311662906","https://openalex.org/W4323315653","https://openalex.org/W4404774360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3208699009","https://openalex.org/W2966632062","https://openalex.org/W2997135359","https://openalex.org/W7221257995","https://openalex.org/W7165038410","https://openalex.org/W3210806510","https://openalex.org/W4413433670","https://openalex.org/W2051714221","https://openalex.org/W3171910816","https://openalex.org/W4402600462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Birmingham":[1,38],"and":[2,19,34,39,50,61,69,100,115,146,161,191,218,249,263,286],"Solihull":[3],"face":[4],"significant":[5,153],"challenges":[6],"related":[7],"to":[8,15,67,151,172,291],"adverse":[9,157,271,293],"birth":[10,29,63,86,158,214,245,272,294],"outcomes.":[11,159],"This":[12],"study":[13],"aimed":[14],"identify":[16],"demographic,":[17],"socioeconomic,":[18],"lifestyle":[20],"factors":[21,155],"associated":[22],"with":[23],"an":[24],"increased":[25,82,181,195,226,256,267],"risk":[26,154],"of":[27,58,84,169,183,197,208,239,270,283],"low":[28,62],"weight,":[30],"premature":[31,59,85,113,213,244],"birth,":[32],"stillbirth,":[33],"neonatal":[35,101,198,219],"death":[36,102,199,220],"in":[37,135,296],"Solihull.":[40],"Methods":[41],"Births":[42],"(n":[43,87,92,97,103],"=":[44,88,93,98,104,189],"41,":[45],"231)":[46],"between":[47],"October":[48],"2020":[49],"April":[51],"2023":[52],"were":[53,149,224,254],"analysed.":[54],"The":[55,206],"attributable":[56,66],"fraction":[57,108],"births":[60,114],"weight":[64],"(LBW)":[65],"socioeconomic":[68,141],"ethnic":[70],"inequality":[71],"was":[72],"calculated.":[73],"Multiple":[74],"logistic":[75],"regression":[76],"analyses":[77],"identified":[78],"groups":[79],"that":[80,111],"had":[81,127,164,180,194],"odds":[83,168,182,196,207,238,269],"3,":[89],"312),":[90],"LBW":[91,170,209,240],"1,":[94],"197),":[95],"stillbirth":[96,184,250],"173),":[99],"208).":[105],"Results":[106],"Attributable":[107],"analysis":[109],"estimated":[110],"191":[112],"211":[116],"LBWs":[117],"each":[118],"year":[119],"would":[120],"not":[121],"have":[122],"occurred":[123],"if":[124],"all":[125],"women":[126,133,163,174,179,193,233],"the":[128,136,167,237,268,281],"same":[129],"rates":[130],"as":[131],"White":[132,173],"living":[134],"least":[137],"deprived":[138],"areas.":[139],"Ethnicity,":[140],"deprivation,":[142],"medical":[143],"care,":[144],"lifestyle,":[145],"vulnerability":[147],"status":[148],"found":[150],"be":[152],"for":[156,227,288],"Asian":[160,192],"Black":[162,178],"1.4\u20132.7":[165],"times":[166],"compared":[171],"(p":[175,229,257,274],"<":[176,204,230,258,275],"0.01).":[177],"(OR":[185,200,210,215,221,241,246,251],":":[186,201,211,216,222,242,247,252],"1.75,":[187],"p":[188,203],"0.017)":[190],"1.90,":[202],"0.001).":[205,231],"3.3),":[212],"27.2),":[217],"5.6)":[223],"significantly":[225,255],"twins":[228],"For":[232],"smoking":[234],"at":[235],"delivery,":[236],"2.3),":[243],"1.5),":[248],"1.6)":[253],"0.05).":[259,276],"Deprivation,":[260],"and/or":[261],"financial":[262],"housing":[264],"issues":[265],"also":[266],"outcomes":[273,295],"Discussion":[277],"These":[278],"findings":[279],"underscore":[280],"importance":[282],"targeted":[284],"interventions":[285],"support":[287],"at-risk":[289],"populations":[290],"reduce":[292],"vulnerable":[297],"communities.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-04-16T00:00:00"}