{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409460652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225251321029","title":"Clinical, Radiological Characteristics and Outcomes of Primary Headache in Children at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya: A Retrospective Observational Study","display_name":"Clinical, Radiological Characteristics and Outcomes of Primary Headache in Children at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya: A Retrospective Observational Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409460652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225251321029","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40612171","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12220867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/30502225251321029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225251321029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225251321029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047350","display_name":"Sage Open Pediatrics","issn_l":"3050-2225","issn":["3050-2225"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4409460652"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225251321029","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027426447","display_name":"Dorcas Tunje","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1030-0129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1030-0129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799649065","display_name":"Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/03rppv730","country_code":"KE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I2799649065","https://openalex.org/I4210108070","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108070","display_name":"Aga Khan University Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv98a09","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210108070","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorcas Supa Tunje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya","Machakos County Referral Hospital, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1030-0129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799649065","https://openalex.org/I4210108070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machakos County Referral Hospital, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055638291","display_name":"Katherine Oyieke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7845-013X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7845-013X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799649065","display_name":"Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/03rppv730","country_code":"KE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I2799649065","https://openalex.org/I4210108070","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108070","display_name":"Aga Khan University Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv98a09","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210108070","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Oyieke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7845-013X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799649065","https://openalex.org/I4210108070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014591162","display_name":"Pauline Samia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-0439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-0439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799649065","display_name":"Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/03rppv730","country_code":"KE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I2799649065","https://openalex.org/I4210108070","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108070","display_name":"Aga Khan University Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv98a09","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210108070","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pauline Samia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-0439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799649065","https://openalex.org/I4210108070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55261387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"30502225251321029","last_page":"30502225251321029"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10498","display_name":"Migraine and Headache Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10498","display_name":"Migraine and Headache Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11929","display_name":"Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-headache","display_name":"primary headache","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-migraine","display_name":"pediatric migraine","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headache-intensity","display_name":"headache severity","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mri-abnormalities","display_name":"MRI abnormalities","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eeg-abnormalities","display_name":"EEG abnormalities","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migraine-prevention","display_name":"migraine prophylaxis","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valproic-acid","display_name":"valproic acid","score":0.9369999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8562471866607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190892606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512464","display_name":"Radiological weapon","level":2,"score":0.829771876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.7285184264183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86","display_name":"Headaches","level":2,"score":0.712489128112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133823","display_name":"Migraine","level":2,"score":0.6822668313980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5960049629211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5734838843345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017995614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86","display_name":"Primary headache","level":3,"score":0.5558997988700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14184104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362526","display_name":"Visual analogue scale","level":2,"score":0.4746197760105133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.44877752661705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.32852062582969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.22910580039024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.17125844955444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14835083484649658}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/30502225251321029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225251321029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225251321029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047350","display_name":"Sage Open Pediatrics","issn_l":"3050-2225","issn":["3050-2225"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12220867","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12220867/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12220867/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Pediatr","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40612171","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40612171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage open pediatrics..","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:eastafrica_fhs_mc_paediatr_child_health-1587","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/eastafrica_fhs_mc_paediatr_child_health/577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/30502225251321029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225251321029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/30502225251321029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047350","display_name":"Sage Open Pediatrics","issn_l":"3050-2225","issn":["3050-2225"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409460652.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409460652.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59191707","https://openalex.org/W1992437247","https://openalex.org/W2035552615","https://openalex.org/W2070041016","https://openalex.org/W2096431011","https://openalex.org/W2341677305","https://openalex.org/W2540692073","https://openalex.org/W2800560494","https://openalex.org/W2801085490","https://openalex.org/W2895868360","https://openalex.org/W2947001621","https://openalex.org/W2999504659","https://openalex.org/W3005381102","https://openalex.org/W3024352945","https://openalex.org/W3037664611","https://openalex.org/W3080435963","https://openalex.org/W3082938596","https://openalex.org/W3117131208","https://openalex.org/W3157650181","https://openalex.org/W4212840554","https://openalex.org/W4387498313","https://openalex.org/W4396774526","https://openalex.org/W4405141077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2935757298","https://openalex.org/W4353083544","https://openalex.org/W4387719557","https://openalex.org/W197479985","https://openalex.org/W7222096494","https://openalex.org/W2889639362","https://openalex.org/W7221476528","https://openalex.org/W2980420736","https://openalex.org/W3157650181","https://openalex.org/W2078144872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"sought":[1],"to":[2,41],"describe":[3],"the":[4,10,50,118],"clinical,":[5],"radiological":[6,32],"characteristics":[7],"and":[8,31,60,102,128],"determine":[9,42],"outcomes":[11],"of":[12,142],"children":[13],"with":[14,24],"primary":[15,25,121],"headache.":[16,69],"A":[17],"retrospective":[18],"observational":[19],"study":[20],"was":[21,39,55,111],"conducted.":[22],"Children":[23],"headache":[26,122],"were":[27,34,47,63,97],"recruited.":[28],"Demographic,":[29],"clinical":[30,126],"data":[33],"compiled.":[35],"Visual":[36],"Analog":[37],"Scale":[38],"used":[40,108],"pain":[43,98],"severity.":[44],"Seventy-three":[45],"patients":[46,80,89],"included":[48],"in":[49,123],"study.":[51],"Their":[52],"median":[53],"age":[54],"10.0":[56],"(IQR:":[57],"8.0-12.0)":[58],"years,":[59],"38":[61],"(52.1%)":[62],"female.":[64],"Fiftyfour":[65],"(74.0%)":[66],"had":[67,81,90],"migraine":[68],"Majority,":[70],"50":[71],"(68.5%)":[72],"reported":[73],"severe":[74],"headaches":[75],"at":[76,100],"presentation.":[77],"Three":[78],"(4.1%)":[79],"abnormal":[82,91],"findings":[83,92],"on":[84,93],"MRI":[85],"while":[86],"5":[87],"(6.8%)":[88],"EEG.":[94],"Most":[95,107],"participants":[96],"free":[99],"3":[101],"6":[103],"months":[104],"follow":[105],"up.":[106],"prophylactic":[109],"agent":[110],"sodium":[112],"valproate":[113],"(84.0%).":[114],"Conclusion:":[115],"Migraine":[116],"is":[117],"most":[119],"common":[120],"children.":[124],"Detailed":[125],"history":[127],"physical":[129],"examination":[130],"avoids":[131],"unnecessary":[132],"costly":[133],"investigations.":[134],"Severe":[135],"disability":[136],"can":[137],"be":[138],"prevented":[139],"by":[140],"use":[141],"proper":[143],"prophylaxis.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2025-04-16T00:00:00"}