{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409459331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8156","title":"Application of agricultural drones in vegetable cultivation: A comprehensive review","display_name":"Application of agricultural drones in vegetable cultivation: A comprehensive review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409459331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14719/pst.8156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8156","pdf_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/8156/6903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213485","display_name":"Plant Science Today","issn_l":"2348-1900","issn":["2348-1900"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Science Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4409459331"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/8156/6903","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078016509","display_name":"V Yogalakshmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0294-3909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0294-3909"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Yogalakshmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0294-3909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001936247","display_name":"Ramasamy Jagadeeswaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9260"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Jagadeeswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015481154","display_name":"Dhanaraju Muthumanickam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-1095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-1095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Muthumanickam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-1095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060251212","display_name":"K Thirukumaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-9856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-9856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Thirukumaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-9856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M Kavitha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-0954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-0954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Kavitha","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-0954","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8516,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67342779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.05739999935030937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-drones","display_name":"agricultural drones","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-aerial-vehicles","display_name":"unmanned aerial vehicles","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetable-production","display_name":"vegetable production","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"precision agriculture","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-spraying","display_name":"agricultural spraying","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-imaging","display_name":"aerial imaging","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-monitoring","display_name":"crop monitoring","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-and-disease-detection","display_name":"pest and disease detection","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-cost-reduction","display_name":"labor cost reduction","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-and-pesticide-reduction","display_name":"pesticide and fertilizer reduction","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-investment","display_name":"return on investment","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.640999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.7205330729484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.6429885029792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41417255997657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4022623300552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3503386974334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.32471680641174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2611415684223175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.10276764631271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.09346070885658264}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14719/pst.8156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8156","pdf_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/8156/6903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213485","display_name":"Plant Science Today","issn_l":"2348-1900","issn":["2348-1900"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Science Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.horizonepublishing.com:article/8156","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/8156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213485","display_name":"Plant Science Today","issn_l":"2348-1900","issn":["2348-1900"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.14719/pst.2025.12.2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14719/pst.8156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8156","pdf_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/8156/6903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213485","display_name":"Plant Science Today","issn_l":"2348-1900","issn":["2348-1900"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Science Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409459331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409459331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2624313019","https://openalex.org/W2937278348","https://openalex.org/W2955583937","https://openalex.org/W2984964331","https://openalex.org/W3000465730","https://openalex.org/W3010003004","https://openalex.org/W3019464069","https://openalex.org/W3092131943","https://openalex.org/W3095469761","https://openalex.org/W3107938311","https://openalex.org/W3125430184","https://openalex.org/W3135564693","https://openalex.org/W3185004595","https://openalex.org/W3215877144","https://openalex.org/W4221018080","https://openalex.org/W4225863314","https://openalex.org/W4289717302","https://openalex.org/W4296960040","https://openalex.org/W4302299152","https://openalex.org/W4311077049","https://openalex.org/W4312338299","https://openalex.org/W4312356167","https://openalex.org/W4313562992","https://openalex.org/W4317242760","https://openalex.org/W4319968591","https://openalex.org/W4319978093","https://openalex.org/W4323781806","https://openalex.org/W4324061701","https://openalex.org/W4327575188","https://openalex.org/W4362558193","https://openalex.org/W4366525793","https://openalex.org/W4366978832","https://openalex.org/W4379051837","https://openalex.org/W4382809738","https://openalex.org/W4385492330","https://openalex.org/W4385980670","https://openalex.org/W4386522255","https://openalex.org/W4387067353","https://openalex.org/W4387638631","https://openalex.org/W4389445797","https://openalex.org/W4390646502","https://openalex.org/W4391548972","https://openalex.org/W4391899358","https://openalex.org/W4391924270","https://openalex.org/W4391946223","https://openalex.org/W4392754729","https://openalex.org/W4392917676","https://openalex.org/W4392918274","https://openalex.org/W4393407078","https://openalex.org/W4395017248","https://openalex.org/W4396888525","https://openalex.org/W4400415433","https://openalex.org/W4400926507","https://openalex.org/W4401517570","https://openalex.org/W4402093719","https://openalex.org/W4402819379","https://openalex.org/W4403601988","https://openalex.org/W4404921137","https://openalex.org/W4406874550","https://openalex.org/W4406875012","https://openalex.org/W4407407314","https://openalex.org/W4407761265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390646502","https://openalex.org/W4406114582","https://openalex.org/W4384111050","https://openalex.org/W4411531429","https://openalex.org/W4409361261","https://openalex.org/W7083711541","https://openalex.org/W7113911085","https://openalex.org/W6948822812","https://openalex.org/W4417279261","https://openalex.org/W7135176093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drones":[0,97],"are":[1],"unmanned":[2],"aerial":[3,7],"vehicle":[4],"used":[5],"for":[6,136],"data":[8,155],"collection":[9],"and":[10,34,54,76,91,111,118,132,139,146,160,166],"spraying.":[11],"The":[12,80],"application":[13,216],"of":[14,40,63,82,104,248,253],"Agricultural":[15,65,83,96,173,191],"drones":[16,30,174,192,208,249],"(Spraying":[17],"drones)":[18],"in":[19,61,78,87,185,198,217,250],"vegetable":[20,105,218,254],"cultivation":[21],"had":[22],"a":[23,210],"significant":[24],"impact":[25],"on":[26,71],"farming":[27],"practices.":[28],"Spraying":[29],"equipped":[31],"with":[32,164,223],"cameras":[33],"sensors":[35],"can":[36,175],"capture":[37],"high-resolution":[38],"images":[39],"crops,":[41],"allowing":[42],"farmers":[43,86,99,114,194],"to":[44,100,115,123,157,179,213,230,236,244],"identify":[45],"potential":[46,242],"issues":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49],"pest":[50],"infestations,":[51],"disease":[52],"outbreaks":[53],"nutrient":[55],"deficiencies.":[56],"Farmer\u2019s":[57],"efficiency":[58],"is":[59,151,221],"increased":[60],"terms":[62],"using":[64],"drones.":[66],"It":[67,141,150],"includes":[68],"cost-effectiveness,":[69],"return":[70],"investment":[72],"(ROI),":[73],"labour":[74,144],"savings":[75],"improvements":[77],"productivity.":[79],"use":[81],"drones,":[84],"assisting":[85],"tackling":[88],"current":[89],"challenges":[90],"ensuring":[92],"future":[93,252],"food":[94],"production.":[95],"enable":[98],"monitor":[101],"large":[102],"areas":[103],"crops":[106],"fields":[107],"quickly,":[108],"saving":[109],"time":[110],"helps":[112],"the":[113,148,186,226,241,246,251],"achieve":[116],"sustainable":[117],"financially":[119],"sound":[120],"operations":[121],"compared":[122],"traditional":[124],"methods.":[125],"This":[126],"precision":[127],"information":[128],"minimizes":[129],"resource":[130,205],"wastage":[131],"ensures":[133],"optimal":[134],"conditions":[135],"crop":[137,219,255],"growth":[138],"yield.":[140],"potentially":[142],"reducing":[143],"costs":[145,162],"increasing":[147],"efficiency.":[149],"cost-effective":[152],"provides":[153],"timely":[154],"leads":[156],"improved":[158],"yields":[159],"reduced":[161],"associated":[163],"over-fertilization":[165],"pesticide":[167],"use.":[168],"Research":[169],"has":[170],"shown":[171],"that":[172,190],"increase":[176],"productivity":[177],"up":[178],"30":[180],"%.":[181],"A":[182],"study":[183],"conducted":[184],"United":[187],"States":[188],"indicated":[189],"save":[193],"an":[195],"15":[196],"%":[197],"operational":[199],"costs,":[200],"primarily":[201],"through":[202],"more":[203],"precise":[204],"allocation.":[206],"While":[207],"offer":[209],"futuristic":[211],"approach":[212],"agriculture,":[214],"their":[215],"management":[220],"fraught":[222],"challenges.":[224],"As":[225],"agricultural":[227],"sector":[228],"continues":[229],"evolve,":[231],"it":[232],"will":[233],"be":[234],"crucial":[235],"weigh":[237],"these":[238],"disadvantages":[239],"against":[240],"benefits":[243],"determine":[245],"role":[247],"management.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-04-16T00:00:00"}