{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409439088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081997","title":"Design of an Efficient MPPT Topology Based on a Grey Wolf Optimizer-Particle Swarm Optimization (GWO-PSO) Algorithm for a Grid-Tied Solar Inverter Under Variable Rapid-Change Irradiance","display_name":"Design of an Efficient MPPT Topology Based on a Grey Wolf Optimizer-Particle Swarm Optimization (GWO-PSO) Algorithm for a Grid-Tied Solar Inverter Under Variable Rapid-Change Irradiance","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409439088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en18081997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081997","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1997/pdf?version=1744530278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1997/pdf?version=1744530278","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Salah Abbas Taha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salah Abbas Taha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057211393","display_name":"Zuhair S. Al-Sagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-0735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-0735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuhair S. Al-Sagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Renewable Energy Techniques, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Renewable Energy Techniques, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014476210","display_name":"Mohammed Abdulla Abdulsada","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Abdulla Abdulsada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018907346","display_name":"Mohammed Alruwaili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-3789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-3789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118590987","display_name":"Northern Border University","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9tzj20","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Alruwaili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113064595","display_name":"Moustafa Ahmed Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5209-0238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5209-0238","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0481-8968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165529","display_name":"University of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tcr1n44","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moustafa Ahmed Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 23435, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5209-0238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 23435, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018907346","https://openalex.org/A5113064595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987","https://openalex.org/I4210115078","https://openalex.org/I4210165529"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":3.9002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95045992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"8","first_page":"1997","last_page":"1997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"maximum power point tracking","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-mppt-algorithm","display_name":"hybrid MPPT","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-wolf-optimizer","display_name":"grey wolf optimizer","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"particle swarm optimization","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-connected-inverter","display_name":"grid-connected inverter","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-systems","display_name":"photovoltaic systems","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boost-converter","display_name":"boost converter","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-source-converter","display_name":"voltage source converter","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-quality","display_name":"power quality","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overshoot-suppression","display_name":"overshoot reduction","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horse-herd-optimization","display_name":"horse herd optimization","score":0.843999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7852474451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6309219002723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.5592985153198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5351848006248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.49465033411979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4763776957988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45496803522109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.44125843048095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.41261059045791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40811091661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.39459046721458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3443911075592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27626436948776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25349342823028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07949486374855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07656785845756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.06577768921852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en18081997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081997","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1997/pdf?version=1744530278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:8:p:1997-:d:1633684","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1997/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:480f8c1f978344e48e8155578a8ad798","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/480f8c1f978344e48e8155578a8ad798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 18, Iss 8, p 1997 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en18081997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081997","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1997/pdf?version=1744530278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328654","display_name":"Northern Border University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409439088.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409439088.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051290886","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2130218279","https://openalex.org/W2724338361","https://openalex.org/W2770249762","https://openalex.org/W2944286691","https://openalex.org/W3012254544","https://openalex.org/W3022141890","https://openalex.org/W3127735630","https://openalex.org/W3132267462","https://openalex.org/W3160139272","https://openalex.org/W3163044769","https://openalex.org/W4224300633","https://openalex.org/W4226178331","https://openalex.org/W4283319995","https://openalex.org/W4285122660","https://openalex.org/W4353090865","https://openalex.org/W4382356336","https://openalex.org/W4387046282","https://openalex.org/W4387046322","https://openalex.org/W4388279671","https://openalex.org/W4389009931","https://openalex.org/W4390828405","https://openalex.org/W4391061719","https://openalex.org/W4399045285","https://openalex.org/W4401607773","https://openalex.org/W4402475738","https://openalex.org/W4402626838","https://openalex.org/W4403680823","https://openalex.org/W4406056057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7222836309","https://openalex.org/W4385192544","https://openalex.org/W4414271001","https://openalex.org/W2213654669","https://openalex.org/W4408573482","https://openalex.org/W4398198480","https://openalex.org/W2559202864","https://openalex.org/W4284683049","https://openalex.org/W4248197601","https://openalex.org/W2335147230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"grid-tied":[1,80],"inverter":[2],"needs":[3],"excellent":[4],"maximum":[5,14],"power":[6,32,38,45,64,154,208],"point":[7],"tracking":[8],"(MPPT)":[9],"topology":[10],"to":[11,44,48,96,119,213],"extract":[12],"the":[13,132,137,152,157,178,195,206,214],"energy":[15,20,59],"from":[16],"PV":[17,112],"panels":[18],"regarding":[19],"creation.":[21],"An":[22],"efficient":[23],"MPPT":[24,53,76],"ensures":[25,62],"that":[26,131,177,202,210],"grid":[27,153],"codes":[28],"are":[29],"met,":[30],"maintains":[31],"quality":[33,65,209],"and":[34,40,61,91,165,184],"system":[35,82],"reliability,":[36],"minimizes":[37],"losses,":[39],"suppresses":[41],"rapid":[42],"response":[43],"fluctuations":[46],"due":[47],"solar":[49,81],"irradiance.":[50],"Moreover,":[51,156],"appropriate":[52],"enhances":[54],"economic":[55],"returns":[56],"by":[57],"increasing":[58],"royalties":[60],"high":[63],"with":[66,115,121,143,162],"reduced":[67],"harmonic":[68],"distortion.":[69],"For":[70],"these":[71,98],"reasons,":[72],"an":[73],"improved":[74],"hybrid":[75],"technique":[77],"for":[78,108],"a":[79,109,116,122],"is":[83,103,149,160,211],"presented":[84],"based":[85],"on":[86,139],"particle":[87],"swarm":[88],"optimization":[89,168],"(PSO)":[90],"grey":[92],"wolf":[93],"optimizer":[94],"(GWO-PSO)":[95],"achieve":[97],"objectives.":[99],"The":[100,127,174],"proposed":[101,133,196],"method":[102,159,197],"tested":[104],"under":[105,170],"MATLAB/Simulink":[106],"2024a":[107],"100":[110],"kW":[111],"array":[113],"connected":[114],"boost":[117],"converter":[118,125],"link":[120],"voltage":[123],"source":[124],"(VSC).":[126],"simulation":[128],"results":[129,175],"show":[130,176],"GWO-PSO":[134],"can":[135,189,204],"reduce":[136],"overshoot":[138],"rise":[140],"time":[141,148],"along":[142],"settling":[144],"time,":[145],"meaning":[146],"less":[147],"wasted":[150],"within":[151],"system.":[155],"suggested":[158],"compared":[161],"PSO,":[163],"GWO,":[164],"horse":[166],"herd":[167],"(HHO)":[169],"different":[171],"weather":[172],"conditions.":[173],"other":[179],"algorithms":[180],"respond":[181],"more":[182,199],"slowly":[183],"exhibit":[185],"higher":[186],"overshoot,":[187],"which":[188],"be":[190],"counterproductive.":[191],"These":[192],"comparisons":[193],"validate":[194],"as":[198],"accurate,":[200],"demonstrating":[201],"it":[203],"enhance":[205],"real":[207],"transferred":[212],"grid.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-04-15T00:00:00"}
