{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409436166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13040300","title":"Assessment of Unintentional Acute Pesticide Poisoning (UAPP) Amongst Cotton Farmers in Tanzania","display_name":"Assessment of Unintentional Acute Pesticide Poisoning (UAPP) Amongst Cotton Farmers in Tanzania","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409436166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13040300","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40278616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/toxics13040300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13040300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13040300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/4/300/pdf?version=1744617235","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738661068","display_name":"Toxics","issn_l":"2305-6304","issn":["2305-6304"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/4/300/pdf?version=1744617235","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087383803","display_name":"Jones Ackson Kapeleka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-4498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-4498"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jones Ackson Kapeleka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticides Authority (TPHPA), Arusha P.O. Box 3024, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticides Authority (TPHPA), Arusha P.O. Box 3024, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002223943","display_name":"Aiwerasia Vera Ngowi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-5606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-5606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154840374","display_name":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/027pr6c67","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiwerasia Vera Ngowi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-5606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117144696","display_name":"Silvani Mng\u2019anya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094370","display_name":"National Environment Management Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00t5pe133","country_code":"TZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094370"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvani Mng\u2019anya","raw_affiliation_strings":["AGENDA for Environment and Responsible Development, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 77266, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AGENDA for Environment and Responsible Development, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 77266, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057420466","display_name":"Sheila E. Willis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheila E. Willis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117144697","display_name":"Joey P. Salmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2668-3665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2668-3665"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joey P. Salmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2668-3665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009365347","display_name":"Keith F. Tyrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2637-2419","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2637-2419"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith F. Tyrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK","Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059882434","display_name":"Stephanie Williamson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067116503","display_name":"Michael Eddleston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-3441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-3441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Eddleston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033616825","display_name":"Alexander M. Stuart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-2628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-2628"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander M. Stuart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-2628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton BN1 1YD, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033616825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":9.0063,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98387119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"300","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13165","display_name":"Agricultural safety and regulations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton-farmers","display_name":"cotton farmers","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-pesticide-exposure","display_name":"occupational pesticide exposure","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highly-hazardous-pesticides","display_name":"highly hazardous pesticides","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profenofos","display_name":"profenofos","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lambda-cyhalothrin","display_name":"lambda-cyhalothrin","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorpyrifos","display_name":"chlorpyrifos","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cypermethrin","display_name":"cypermethrin","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-seeking-behavior","display_name":"health-seeking behavior","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-regulation","display_name":"pesticide regulation","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-alternatives","display_name":"pesticide alternatives","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton-pest-management","display_name":"cotton pest management","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.791580319404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6795289516448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.6306867003440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.4868747293949127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.45204997062683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4173589050769806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4148886799812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14689627289772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.07832473516464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.07309281826019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/toxics13040300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13040300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13040300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/4/300/pdf?version=1744617235","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738661068","display_name":"Toxics","issn_l":"2305-6304","issn":["2305-6304"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40278616","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40278616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12031290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12031290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Toxics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e8f4746b4674a1ca0ed37e40dc1de86","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e8f4746b4674a1ca0ed37e40dc1de86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Toxics, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 300 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/toxics13040300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13040300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13040300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/4/300/pdf?version=1744617235","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738661068","display_name":"Toxics","issn_l":"2305-6304","issn":["2305-6304"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5099999904632568}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6654041156","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GR067017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315389","funder_display_name":"Open Philanthropy Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315389","display_name":"Open Philanthropy Project","ror":"https://ror.org/004d1k391"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331393","display_name":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/027pr6c67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409436166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409436166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496412412","https://openalex.org/W1528907698","https://openalex.org/W1666097934","https://openalex.org/W1863688950","https://openalex.org/W1921606322","https://openalex.org/W1970820099","https://openalex.org/W1983178136","https://openalex.org/W1986707658","https://openalex.org/W1990743344","https://openalex.org/W2003336388","https://openalex.org/W2004680392","https://openalex.org/W2016865846","https://openalex.org/W2022716846","https://openalex.org/W2025033655","https://openalex.org/W2030098010","https://openalex.org/W2030876325","https://openalex.org/W2037651569","https://openalex.org/W2041190522","https://openalex.org/W2047541425","https://openalex.org/W2052681193","https://openalex.org/W2054575796","https://openalex.org/W2056506042","https://openalex.org/W2063832436","https://openalex.org/W2066921603","https://openalex.org/W2082664505","https://openalex.org/W2092977537","https://openalex.org/W2095682352","https://openalex.org/W2106178808","https://openalex.org/W2106188008","https://openalex.org/W2111104500","https://openalex.org/W2113746683","https://openalex.org/W2115265189","https://openalex.org/W2120377519","https://openalex.org/W2132512653","https://openalex.org/W2142996311","https://openalex.org/W2147039664","https://openalex.org/W2163772634","https://openalex.org/W2163772641","https://openalex.org/W2182683961","https://openalex.org/W2224510961","https://openalex.org/W2262259689","https://openalex.org/W2273462483","https://openalex.org/W2462476292","https://openalex.org/W2516297588","https://openalex.org/W2516616258","https://openalex.org/W2558424359","https://openalex.org/W2578598739","https://openalex.org/W2612183699","https://openalex.org/W2642613295","https://openalex.org/W2761067994","https://openalex.org/W2762666797","https://openalex.org/W2781964672","https://openalex.org/W2800990812","https://openalex.org/W2883196855","https://openalex.org/W2911083514","https://openalex.org/W2947069608","https://openalex.org/W2991554864","https://openalex.org/W3112103181","https://openalex.org/W3127135898","https://openalex.org/W3131225132","https://openalex.org/W3177460927","https://openalex.org/W3206550644","https://openalex.org/W3207940100","https://openalex.org/W4200510651","https://openalex.org/W4206952490","https://openalex.org/W4213447152","https://openalex.org/W4240500001","https://openalex.org/W4295367153","https://openalex.org/W4298008252","https://openalex.org/W4312399709","https://openalex.org/W4312732262","https://openalex.org/W4312809967","https://openalex.org/W4382727972","https://openalex.org/W4384301444","https://openalex.org/W4386859480","https://openalex.org/W4388141432","https://openalex.org/W4391337891","https://openalex.org/W4396529658","https://openalex.org/W4396688098","https://openalex.org/W4404085299","https://openalex.org/W4404885063","https://openalex.org/W4405941029","https://openalex.org/W6628160049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754697109","https://openalex.org/W1503780849","https://openalex.org/W4390038797","https://openalex.org/W4409449278","https://openalex.org/W2901808822","https://openalex.org/W164591511","https://openalex.org/W2968920050","https://openalex.org/W2065780911","https://openalex.org/W1540139279","https://openalex.org/W4398749736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pesticide":[0],"poisoning":[1,47],"is":[2],"widely":[3],"accepted":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,21,56,72,107,134],"major":[7],"public":[8],"health":[9,78],"problem":[10],"in":[11,17,49,52,133],"low-":[12],"and":[13,117,122,158,174],"middle-income":[14],"countries,":[15],"especially":[16],"East":[18],"Africa.":[19],"However,":[20],"very":[22],"high":[23,73],"proportion":[24,100],"of":[25,43,59,75,86,90,101,155,161,168],"unintentional":[26,44],"poisonings":[27],"are":[28],"either":[29],"unreported":[30],"or":[31,63],"misreported.":[32],"To":[33],"help":[34],"fill":[35],"this":[36,69,141],"knowledge":[37],"gap,":[38],"we":[39],"investigated":[40],"the":[41,93,98,152,159,166],"scale":[42,153],"acute":[45],"pesticide":[46,82,150],"(UAPP)":[48],"cotton-growing":[50],"communities":[51],"Tanzania":[53],"by":[54],"conducting":[55],"cross-sectional":[57],"survey":[58],"1074":[60],"cotton":[61,180],"farmers":[62],"farm":[64],"workers.":[65],"The":[66,138],"findings":[67,139],"from":[68,140],"study":[70,142],"revealed":[71],"incidence":[74],"self-reported":[76],"negative":[77],"effects":[79],"following":[80],"occupational":[81],"exposure,":[83],"with":[84,106,119],"48%":[85],"respondents":[87],"experiencing":[88],"symptoms":[89],"UAPP":[91,102],"within":[92],"previous":[94],"12":[95],"months.":[96],"Furthermore,":[97],"substantial":[99],"incidents":[103],"were":[104],"associated":[105],"few":[108],"highly":[109],"hazardous":[110,163],"pesticides":[111],"(HHPs),":[112],"particularly":[113],"profenofos,":[114],"lambda":[115],"cyhalothrin,":[116],"co-formulations":[118],"both":[120],"chlorpyrifos":[121],"cypermethrin.":[123],"Of":[124],"those":[125],"reporting":[126],"UAPP,":[127],"only":[128],"6%":[129],"sought":[130],"medical":[131],"treatment":[132],"formal":[135],"healthcare":[136],"setting.":[137],"clearly":[143],"indicates":[144],"an":[145],"urgent":[146],"need":[147],"for":[148,179],"improved":[149],"regulation,":[151],"up":[154],"community":[156],"surveillance,":[157],"promotion":[160],"less":[162],"alternatives":[164,176],"to":[165,177],"use":[167],"HHPs.":[169],"We":[170],"provide":[171],"policy":[172],"recommendations":[173],"identify":[175],"HHPs":[178],"pest":[181],"management.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}