{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409435653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","title":"The Mathematical Modeling of Diabetic Population with the Formulation of Optimal Control Strategies","display_name":"The Mathematical Modeling of Diabetic Population with the Formulation of Optimal Control Strategies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409435653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207970","display_name":"Asian Research Journal of Mathematics","issn_l":"2456-477X","issn":["2456-477X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Research Journal of Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000934582","display_name":"Kazeem Adebowale Dawodu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawodu, K. A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029279741","display_name":"Temilolu Aje","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aje, T.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Afolabi A. S.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afolabi A. S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82239129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"103","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11829","display_name":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-progression","display_name":"disease progression","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control-policy","display_name":"optimal control policy","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pontryagin-s-maximum-principle","display_name":"Pontryagin maximum principle","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjoint-variables","display_name":"adjoint variables","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-measures","display_name":"control measures","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-minimization","display_name":"cost minimization","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-modeling","display_name":"epidemic modeling","score":0.3869999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4667413830757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4481479525566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4311175048351288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.39567792415618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3672751784324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3512478470802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.34119075536727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2503322958946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13439103960990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.08158674836158752}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207970","display_name":"Asian Research Journal of Mathematics","issn_l":"2456-477X","issn":["2456-477X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Research Journal of Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalarjom.com:article/914","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalarjom.com/index.php/ARJOM/article/view/914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207970","display_name":"Asian Research Journal of Mathematics","issn_l":"2456-477X","issn":["2456-477X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2456-477X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05034222v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05034222v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Research Journal of Mathematics, 2025, 21 (4), pp.103-125. &#x27E8;10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2025/v21i4914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207970","display_name":"Asian Research Journal of Mathematics","issn_l":"2456-477X","issn":["2456-477X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Research Journal of Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892002403","https://openalex.org/W4309005041","https://openalex.org/W2962746246","https://openalex.org/W1989531755","https://openalex.org/W1967384683","https://openalex.org/W2892237068","https://openalex.org/W1901119619","https://openalex.org/W2058275692","https://openalex.org/W2378727206","https://openalex.org/W2086351220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,50],"this":[1,107],"research,":[2],"a":[3],"robust":[4],"mathematical":[5],"model":[6],"is":[7,48,60,73],"formulated":[8],"to":[9,62],"capture":[10],"both":[11],"type-1":[12],"and":[13,20,26,41,80,93,114],"type-2":[14],"diabetes":[15,119],"mellitus":[16,120],"progression":[17,100],"among":[18],"children":[19],"adults,":[21],"accounting":[22],"for":[23,75,112],"cases":[24],"with":[25],"without":[27],"control":[28,34,53,65],"measures.":[29],"The":[30,104],"effects":[31],"of":[32,44,78,89,97,106],"these":[33],"interventions":[35],"on":[36],"diabetic":[37,91,99],"dynamics":[38],"are":[39],"explored,":[40],"the":[42,45,51,68,87,94],"efficacy":[43],"outlined":[46],"strategies":[47],"assessed.":[49],"optimal":[52,64],"formulation,":[54],"Pontryagin\u2019s":[55],"maximum":[56],"(or":[57],"minimum)":[58],"principle":[59],"employed":[61],"derive":[63],"characterizations,":[66],"while":[67],"Runge-Kutta":[69],"forward-backward":[70],"sweep":[71],"algorithm":[72],"applied":[74],"numerical":[76],"simulations":[77],"state":[79],"adjoint":[81],"variables.":[82],"This":[83],"study":[84],"demonstrates":[85],"that":[86],"number":[88],"advanced-stage":[90],"patients":[92],"inherent":[95],"costs":[96],"managing":[98],"can":[101],"be":[102],"minimized.":[103],"findings":[105],"research":[108],"offer":[109],"valuable":[110],"insights":[111],"policymakers":[113],"healthcare":[115],"professionals":[116],"in":[117],"improving":[118],"management.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
