{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409433770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","title":"Understanding the relationship between public space social capital expressions and pedestrian-oriented design. A case study within the superblock action plan in Barcelona","display_name":"Understanding the relationship between public space social capital expressions and pedestrian-oriented design. A case study within the superblock action plan in Barcelona","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409433770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137445289","display_name":"Cities","issn_l":"0264-2751","issn":["0264-2751","1873-6084"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002258304","display_name":"Paloma Morales-Flores","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6977-6013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6977-6013"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paloma Morales-Flores","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Technology, Centre for Land Policy and Valuation, Barcelona School of Architecture, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya \u2013 BarcelonaTech (UPC), Campus Sud, Edif. A, Av. Diagonal, 649, 08028, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Technology, Centre for Land Policy and Valuation, Barcelona School of Architecture, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya \u2013 BarcelonaTech (UPC), Campus Sud, Edif. A, Av. Diagonal, 649, 08028, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022683728","display_name":"Carlos Ramiro Marmolejo Duarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-7337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-7337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Technology, Centre for Land Policy and Valuation, Barcelona School of Architecture, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya \u2013 BarcelonaTech (UPC), Campus Sud, Edif. A, Av. Diagonal, 649, 08028, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Technology, Centre for Land Policy and Valuation, Barcelona School of Architecture, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya \u2013 BarcelonaTech (UPC), Campus Sud, Edif. A, Av. Diagonal, 649, 08028, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002258304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":10.152,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98530571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"162","issue":null,"first_page":"105968","last_page":"105968"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.6420999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.6420999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.2304999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13513","display_name":"Urban and sociocultural dynamics","score":0.030700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-capital","display_name":"social capital","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-friendly-design","display_name":"pedestrian-friendly design","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superblocks","display_name":"superblocks","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-space","display_name":"public space","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-interaction","display_name":"social interaction","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tactical-urbanism","display_name":"tactical urbanism","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-furniture","display_name":"urban furniture","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/courtyards","display_name":"courtyards","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-free-streets","display_name":"car-free streets","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7256577014923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.7004820108413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6529151201248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780210234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422638","display_name":"Action plan","level":2,"score":0.6090778112411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.5989372730255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5761179327964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.5624234080314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984866010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294440","display_name":"Public space","level":2,"score":0.5232985615730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3910068869590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.27833420038223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2455509603023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22760581970214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18730974197387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.15893661975860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15044495463371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1256624162197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12138158082962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.10801783204078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09511381387710571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137445289","display_name":"Cities","issn_l":"0264-2751","issn":["0264-2751","1873-6084"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cities","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4881526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4881526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4881526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/429984","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/429984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137445289","display_name":"Cities","issn_l":"0264-2751","issn":["0264-2751","1873-6084"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7599999904632568}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125700058","https://openalex.org/W142368876","https://openalex.org/W155837532","https://openalex.org/W213089899","https://openalex.org/W1528074835","https://openalex.org/W1538435250","https://openalex.org/W1554424410","https://openalex.org/W1555801473","https://openalex.org/W1559689324","https://openalex.org/W1606015852","https://openalex.org/W1967972384","https://openalex.org/W1990691548","https://openalex.org/W1994347823","https://openalex.org/W2000799204","https://openalex.org/W2000852246","https://openalex.org/W2004284053","https://openalex.org/W2031538046","https://openalex.org/W2035254464","https://openalex.org/W2044476695","https://openalex.org/W2051602909","https://openalex.org/W2063434818","https://openalex.org/W2071365348","https://openalex.org/W2071734038","https://openalex.org/W2076008204","https://openalex.org/W2082602805","https://openalex.org/W2083082592","https://openalex.org/W2086174199","https://openalex.org/W2105853798","https://openalex.org/W2118340622","https://openalex.org/W2122629680","https://openalex.org/W2127416094","https://openalex.org/W2147264455","https://openalex.org/W2166696673","https://openalex.org/W2312768322","https://openalex.org/W2413756439","https://openalex.org/W2519479204","https://openalex.org/W2565404921","https://openalex.org/W2579518693","https://openalex.org/W2738891036","https://openalex.org/W2786908239","https://openalex.org/W2809561681","https://openalex.org/W2992809306","https://openalex.org/W3088842009","https://openalex.org/W3119747906","https://openalex.org/W3123534837","https://openalex.org/W3128825481","https://openalex.org/W3216918790","https://openalex.org/W4283024401","https://openalex.org/W4285407725","https://openalex.org/W4298012711","https://openalex.org/W4311400689","https://openalex.org/W4315866385","https://openalex.org/W4389275604","https://openalex.org/W4391517446","https://openalex.org/W4391650502","https://openalex.org/W4392978579","https://openalex.org/W4393257967","https://openalex.org/W4396967313","https://openalex.org/W4400513398","https://openalex.org/W4400763761","https://openalex.org/W4401978209","https://openalex.org/W4402919058","https://openalex.org/W4405328362","https://openalex.org/W6613023151","https://openalex.org/W6629092265","https://openalex.org/W6752603190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W4205958986","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W2586575957","https://openalex.org/W2170799233","https://openalex.org/W4320736889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"Capital":[1],"(SC)":[2],"is":[3,227],"embedded":[4],"in":[5,15,39,70,86],"individuals":[6],"who":[7],"cultivate":[8,195],"strong":[9],"interpersonal":[10],"relations":[11],"and":[12,64,103,112,127,148,179,210],"actively":[13],"participate":[14],"their":[16],"communities.":[17],"Empirical":[18],"research":[19],"suggests":[20],"that":[21],"pedestrian-oriented":[22],"neighbourhoods":[23],"increase":[24],"social":[25,125,186,201,211,224],"interactions,":[26],"which":[27],"are":[28,80],"essential":[29],"for":[30,166],"the":[31,71,77,87,167],"development":[32],"of":[33,76,84,89,99,169,185,207,218,223],"SC.":[34,160],"The":[35,118,192],"Superblock":[36],"Action":[37],"Plan":[38],"Barcelona":[40],"has":[41],"become":[42],"a":[43,121],"world-renowned":[44],"initiative":[45],"to":[46,154,172,200],"massively":[47],"transform":[48],"car-used":[49],"space":[50,101],"into":[51],"people-centred":[52],"design.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57],"analyse":[58],"how":[59],"structuring":[60,128,193],"(i.e.":[61,66],"permanent":[62],"infrastructure)":[63,68],"tactical":[65,131,180],"temporary-mobile":[67],"interventions":[69,129,181,194],"Sant":[72],"Antoni":[73],"area,":[74],"one":[75],"first":[78],"superblocks,":[79],"correlated":[81],"with":[82,159],"expressions":[83,184,226],"SC":[85],"form":[88],"people's":[90],"behavioural":[91,156],"patterns.":[92],"To":[93],"achieve":[94],"this,":[95],"extensive":[96],"field":[97],"observations":[98],"public":[100,170],"usage":[102],"urban":[104,138,208],"settings":[105],"at":[106],"micro-scale":[107],"level":[108],"were":[109],"carried":[110],"out":[111],"further":[113],"analysed":[114],"through":[115],"multivariate":[116],"techniques.":[117],"results":[119],"reveal":[120],"stronger":[122],"correlation":[123],"between":[124],"behaviour":[126],"than":[130,188],"ones.":[132],"Variables":[133],"such":[134],"as":[135],"inner":[136],"courtyards,":[137],"furniture,":[139],"terrace":[140],"protection":[141],"from":[142,175],"vehicular":[143],"traffic,":[144],"commercial":[145],"premise":[146],"customisation":[147],"prosocial":[149],"interaction":[150],"infrastructure":[151],"contribute":[152],"significantly":[153],"promoting":[155],"patterns":[157,217],"associated":[158],"These":[161],"findings":[162],"have":[163],"considerable":[164],"implications":[165],"deployment":[168],"programmes":[171],"reclaim":[173],"land":[174],"cars.":[176],"\u2022":[177,191,203,213,221],"Structuring":[178],"foster":[182],"greater":[183],"capital":[187,225],"traditional":[189],"approaches.":[190],"an":[196],"environment":[197],"more":[198],"conducive":[199],"interaction.":[202],"Micro-analysis":[204],"reveals":[205],"complexity":[206],"dynamics":[209],"capital.":[212],"Urban":[214],"design":[215],"impacts":[216],"human":[219],"activity.":[220],"Dimensionality":[222],"reduced":[228],"using":[229],"PCA.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
