{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409416107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","title":"War both reduced and increased inequality over the past 10,000 years","display_name":"War both reduced and increased inequality over the past 10,000 years","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409416107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40228129","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12037038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2400695121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046812569","display_name":"Mark D. McCoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-1579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-1579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark D. McCoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, Florida State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-1579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, Florida State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066144740","display_name":"Jennifer Birch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-9783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-9783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Birch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-9783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006329637","display_name":"Shadreck Chirikure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-4253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-4253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shadreck Chirikure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-4253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086622406","display_name":"Pablo Jos\u00e9 Cruz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-6397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-6397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151201029","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","ror":"https://ror.org/03cqe8w59","country_code":"AR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151201029","https://openalex.org/I4210123736","https://openalex.org/I4387155568"]}],"countries":["AR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-6397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151201029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053176800","display_name":"Adam S. Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-5165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-5165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam S. Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Archaeology, University of York","Department of Environment and Geography, University of York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-5165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Archaeology, University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environment and Geography, University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014823309","display_name":"Detlef Gronenborn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6467-5643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6467-5643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3178478377","display_name":"LEIZA - Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Arch\u00e4ologie","ror":"https://ror.org/0483qx226","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I3178478377"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Detlef Gronenborn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Arch\u00e4ologie"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6467-5643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Arch\u00e4ologie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3178478377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011343458","display_name":"Dan Lawrence","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5613-1243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5613-1243"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Lawrence","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Archaeology, Durham University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5613-1243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Archaeology, Durham University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018339758","display_name":"Paul B. Roscoe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-1540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-1540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Roscoe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-1540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046812569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5454,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96318664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"122","issue":"16","first_page":"e2400695121","last_page":"e2400695121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.11209999769926071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.11209999769926071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.10329999774694443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13831","display_name":"Archaeological and Geological Studies","score":0.05139999836683273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war","display_name":"war","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality","display_name":"economic inequality","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wealth-inequality","display_name":"wealth inequality","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fortified-settlement","display_name":"fortified settlement","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/house-size","display_name":"house size","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-governance","display_name":"collective governance","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coalition-building","display_name":"coalition building","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-production","display_name":"agricultural production","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prehistoric-societies","display_name":"prehistoric societies","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.713617205619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16678853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486972","display_name":"Human settlement","level":2,"score":0.703033447265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5127183198928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5017085075378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.45595741271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.44147735834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.4254273772239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3970152735710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.39309990406036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.39041662216186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.32214269042015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.12622809410095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07521799206733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001106","descriptor_name":"Archaeology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014857","descriptor_name":"Warfare","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2400695121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40228129","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40228129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:ff7817d0-b5a0-4a8f-95ea-e47f1fa102f9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ff7817d0-b5a0-4a8f-95ea-e47f1fa102f9/files/rn870zs54t","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jisc Publications Router","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12037038","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12037038/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/265914","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/265914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401400","display_name":"Conicet","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210104196","host_organization_name":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico - Nordeste","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104196"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:225527","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/225527/1/mccoy-et-al-war-both-reduced-and-increased-inequality-over-the-past-ten-thousand-years.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/225527/1/mccoy-et-al-war-both-reduced-and-increased-inequality-over-the-past-ten-thousand-years.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/:3791561","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/3791561","pdf_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/3791561/1/Published%20Journal%20Article","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2400695121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2400695121","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3197174130","display_name":"The Creation and Division of Wealth and the Long-term Consequences of Inequality","funder_award_id":"2122123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8870078379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"802424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309170","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312777","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320664","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321594","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","ror":"https://ror.org/03cqe8w59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334763","display_name":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6r0e97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409416107.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409416107.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85346766","https://openalex.org/W415160167","https://openalex.org/W604191401","https://openalex.org/W1416186243","https://openalex.org/W1529800964","https://openalex.org/W1537036262","https://openalex.org/W1837063038","https://openalex.org/W1968182807","https://openalex.org/W2036606531","https://openalex.org/W2043483056","https://openalex.org/W2061170881","https://openalex.org/W2062027432","https://openalex.org/W2063027873","https://openalex.org/W2067786881","https://openalex.org/W2070267482","https://openalex.org/W2074602581","https://openalex.org/W2111217936","https://openalex.org/W2114756116","https://openalex.org/W2123327389","https://openalex.org/W2133469641","https://openalex.org/W2138597760","https://openalex.org/W2139685590","https://openalex.org/W2501656226","https://openalex.org/W2751479282","https://openalex.org/W2769047251","https://openalex.org/W2772697909","https://openalex.org/W2781742093","https://openalex.org/W2895792467","https://openalex.org/W2974625366","https://openalex.org/W3033035398","https://openalex.org/W3123465296","https://openalex.org/W3205638420","https://openalex.org/W4236002629","https://openalex.org/W4281399649","https://openalex.org/W4307062131","https://openalex.org/W4389885636","https://openalex.org/W4409415914","https://openalex.org/W4409415919","https://openalex.org/W4409415944","https://openalex.org/W6820798264","https://openalex.org/W6830021409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311278562","https://openalex.org/W7099486668","https://openalex.org/W3124910074","https://openalex.org/W3093925683","https://openalex.org/W4389885636","https://openalex.org/W4409415992","https://openalex.org/W56427995","https://openalex.org/W1845380727","https://openalex.org/W7167205524","https://openalex.org/W3023919141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scholars":[0],"are":[1],"divided":[2],"over":[3,56],"the":[4,19,109,127,147,164,169,204],"long-term":[5],"effects":[6],"that":[7,16,27,129,200],"war":[8,240],"has":[9],"had":[10,174],"on":[11,45],"inequality.":[12],"Some":[13],"have":[14],"argued":[15],"conflict":[17,130,216],"grows":[18],"gap":[20],"between":[21],"rich":[22],"and":[23,86,146,248],"poor.":[24],"Others":[25],"counter":[26],"violence":[28],"levels":[29],"out":[30],"wealth":[31,138,230],"differences.":[32],"The":[33],"GINI":[34],"Project":[35],"Database":[36],"is":[37],"a":[38,78,104,225],"large":[39],"global":[40],"sample":[41],"of":[42,59,207],"archaeological":[43],"data":[44],"house":[46],"sizes":[47,102],"created":[48],"to":[49,181,188,227,231],"investigate":[50],"what":[51],"factors":[52],"influenced":[53],"economic":[54],"inequality":[55,244,250],"long":[57,160],"periods":[58],"time,":[60],"including":[61],"warfare.":[62],"Over":[63],"39,000":[64],"individual":[65],"residential":[66,96,100,135,175,221],"units":[67],"were":[68],"coded":[69],"as":[70,115,118],"having":[71],"fortifications":[72],"present":[73],"or":[74,179],"absent,":[75],"with":[76,133,192,219,242],"about":[77],"third":[79],"in":[80,88,99,163,168,201,213,245,251],"fortified":[81,172],"settlements":[82,90,173],"(n":[83,91,111],"=":[84,92,112],"13,372)":[85],"two-thirds":[87],"unfortified":[89,182],"25,897).":[93],"We":[94,122,198],"compared":[95],"disparity":[97,136,176],"(differences":[98],"unit":[101],"within":[103],"settlement)":[105],"at":[106],"sites":[107],"around":[108],"world":[110],"770)":[113],"dating":[114],"far":[116],"back":[117],"10,000":[119],"y":[120],"ago.":[121],"found":[123,159,224],"strong":[124],"support":[125],"for":[126],"expectation":[128],"was":[131,143,153,210,217],"linked":[132],"increasing":[134,243],"(i.e.,":[137],"inequality),":[139],"specifically":[140],"when":[141,171],"governance":[142],"less":[144,177],"collective":[145,191],"main":[148],"factor":[149],"limiting":[150,195],"agricultural":[151,196],"production":[152],"available":[154,193],"land.":[155],"However,":[156],"we":[157],"also":[158],"periods,":[161],"especially":[162],"earliest":[165],"eras":[166],"represented":[167],"database,":[170],"than":[178],"equal":[180],"settlements.":[183],"These":[184,234],"early":[185],"societies":[186],"tended":[187],"be":[189],"more":[190],"labor":[194],"production.":[197],"speculate":[199],"these":[202],"communities,":[203],"relative":[205],"value":[206],"coalition":[208],"building":[209],"higher,":[211],"whereas":[212],"cases":[214,247],"where":[215],"associated":[218],"rising":[220],"disparity,":[222],"elites":[223],"way":[226],"leverage":[228],"their":[229],"protect":[232],"property.":[233],"contradictory":[235],"models":[236],"help":[237],"explain":[238],"why":[239],"co-occurs":[241],"some":[246],"decreasing":[249],"others.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-04-14T00:00:00"}
