{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409414635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700062","title":"SquareTrack: A Novel Approach for Tracking Pigs in Commercial Swine Farming","display_name":"SquareTrack: A Novel Approach for Tracking Pigs in Commercial Swine Farming","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409414635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3700062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700062","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067638325","display_name":"Junior Silva Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-173X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-173X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junior Silva Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-173X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072012547","display_name":"Eduardo Bedin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-611X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-611X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44839336","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Dom Bosco","ror":"https://ror.org/02q070r42","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44839336"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Bedin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-611X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44839336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117135871","display_name":"Vin\u00edcius de Ara\u00fajo Maeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7953-8732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7953-8732"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44839336","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Dom Bosco","ror":"https://ror.org/02q070r42","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44839336"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vin\u00edcius De Ara\u00fajo Maeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7953-8732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44839336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029349667","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Vitor de Andrade Porto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-3675","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-3675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44839336","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Dom Bosco","ror":"https://ror.org/02q070r42","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44839336"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Vitor De Andrade Porto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-3675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44839336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034745689","display_name":"Hemerson Pistori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8181-760X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8181-760X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44839336","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Dom Bosco","ror":"https://ror.org/02q070r42","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44839336"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hemerson Pistori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8181-760X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44839336"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091126039","display_name":"Edson Takashi Matsubara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-0886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-0886"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edson Takashi Matsubara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-0886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00201343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"88919","last_page":"88933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-tracking","display_name":"animal tracking","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pig-tracking","display_name":"pig tracking","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pig-farming","display_name":"pig farming","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-behavior-monitoring","display_name":"animal behavior monitoring","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deepsort","display_name":"DeepSORT","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bytetrack","display_name":"ByteTrack","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mota","display_name":"MOTA","score":0.6899999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5893194079399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.5080349445343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.49374374747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478672","display_name":"Pig farming","level":3,"score":0.4510563611984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3592188358306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.3008284568786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994599422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80962","display_name":"Animal production","level":2,"score":0.2684873938560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24702990055084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10334733128547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07279384136199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3700062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.5216688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5216688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5216688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3d081da1836d47cfbadbdca537b222fd","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d081da1836d47cfbadbdca537b222fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 88919-88933 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3700062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329417","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3001164154","https://openalex.org/W3086436251","https://openalex.org/W3092779666","https://openalex.org/W3119686997","https://openalex.org/W3162108784","https://openalex.org/W3177973888","https://openalex.org/W3195091936","https://openalex.org/W4210496922","https://openalex.org/W4224299412","https://openalex.org/W4225005993","https://openalex.org/W4284886908","https://openalex.org/W4286904999","https://openalex.org/W4288854983","https://openalex.org/W4297002150","https://openalex.org/W4318757033","https://openalex.org/W4319301279","https://openalex.org/W4375955223","https://openalex.org/W4376504387","https://openalex.org/W4383616391","https://openalex.org/W4385080112","https://openalex.org/W4386083103","https://openalex.org/W4386208137","https://openalex.org/W4387264759","https://openalex.org/W4388704652","https://openalex.org/W4389575029","https://openalex.org/W4390872488","https://openalex.org/W4391116806","https://openalex.org/W4391155346","https://openalex.org/W4391177420","https://openalex.org/W4392436357","https://openalex.org/W4393106022","https://openalex.org/W4393305238","https://openalex.org/W4393374812","https://openalex.org/W4394934919","https://openalex.org/W4399429658","https://openalex.org/W4399485352","https://openalex.org/W4399993978","https://openalex.org/W4399997801","https://openalex.org/W4400081338","https://openalex.org/W4400732318","https://openalex.org/W4401649156","https://openalex.org/W4401878947","https://openalex.org/W4404323254","https://openalex.org/W4411353071","https://openalex.org/W4415428422","https://openalex.org/W7117304211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3210292035","https://openalex.org/W4402343732","https://openalex.org/W4383616391","https://openalex.org/W4281790858","https://openalex.org/W4404469202","https://openalex.org/W4308974974","https://openalex.org/W4403041551","https://openalex.org/W4404499045","https://openalex.org/W7127332772","https://openalex.org/W4225136300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"animal":[1],"behavior":[2,23],"is":[3,18,70],"a":[4,25,71,106,110],"very":[5],"important":[6],"activity":[7],"in":[8,12,24,67],"commercial":[9,111],"farming,":[10],"especially":[11],"pig":[13],"farming.":[14],"For":[15],"example,":[16],"aggressiveness":[17],"an":[19],"undesirable":[20],"type":[21],"of":[22,62,89],"farm":[26],"setting,":[27],"requiring":[28],"constant":[29],"monitoring":[30],"by":[31],"the":[32,60,92],"farmer,":[33],"being":[34],"prone":[35],"to":[36,64],"errors,":[37],"and":[38,52,77,84,94,99],"time":[39],"consuming":[40],"which":[41],"can":[42],"be":[43],"reduced":[44],"through":[45],"automation":[46],"using":[47,105],"tracking":[48,103],"algorithms.":[49],"Computer":[50],"vision":[51],"artificial":[53],"intelligence,":[54],"employing":[55],"neural":[56],"networks,":[57],"allow":[58],"for":[59,74,102],"implementation":[61],"techniques":[63],"track":[65],"animals":[66],"videos.":[68],"SquareTrack":[69,90],"technique":[72],"developed":[73],"this":[75],"purpose":[76],"has":[78],"been":[79],"compared":[80],"with":[81],"DeepSort,":[82],"ByteTrack,":[83],"BotSort.":[85],"The":[86],"superior":[87],"performance":[88],"on":[91],"MOTA":[93],"HOTA_ALPHA":[95],"metrics":[96],"was":[97],"0.66":[98],"0.72,":[100],"respectively,":[101],"pigs":[104],"dataset":[107],"obtained":[108],"from":[109],"farm.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2025-04-14T00:00:00"}