{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409401757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","title":"THE ROLE OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES IN MODULATING GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ENZYME ACTIVITY, AND HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN MUSCLE TISSUE OF COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio. L)","display_name":"THE ROLE OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES IN MODULATING GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ENZYME ACTIVITY, AND HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN MUSCLE TISSUE OF COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio. L)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409401757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","pdf_url":"https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/download/1495/1012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185713","display_name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","issn_l":"2663-628X","issn":["2663-628X","2663-6298"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36162470","host_organization_name":"University of Zakho","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36162470"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/download/1495/1012","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056954790","display_name":"Muhammad Owais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-3430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-3430"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Owais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries Saline Water Aquaculture Research Center (SWARC) Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries Saline Water Aquaculture Research Center (SWARC) Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dilsher Ahmed Mohammed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124331","display_name":"Duhok Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/024kjbt21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124331"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilsher Ahmed Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zakho Technical College and Institute / Duhok Polytechnic University, Zakho, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zakho Technical College and Institute / Duhok Polytechnic University, Zakho, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034390052","display_name":"Husni Abdulla Mhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-4946","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-4946"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6033180","display_name":"University of Duhok","ror":"https://ror.org/02g07ds81","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6033180"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Husni A Mhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6033180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Basim S A Al Sulivany","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36162470","display_name":"University of Zakho","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd1pz50","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36162470"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basim S A Al Sulivany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36162470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033039514","display_name":"Seval Dernekba\u015f\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-2486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-2486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76257594","display_name":"Sinop University","ror":"https://ror.org/004ah3r71","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seval Dernekba\u015f\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Sinop, Sinop, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Sinop, Sinop, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077296853","display_name":"Rana Mehroz Fazal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-5695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-5695"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116806","display_name":"Ghazi University","ror":"https://ror.org/023a7t361","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116806"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana Meroz Fazal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":100},"apc_paid":{"value":100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":100},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05395519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"198","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silica-nanoparticles","display_name":"silica nanoparticles","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-carp","display_name":"Cyprinus carpio","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplementation","display_name":"dietary supplementation","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-element-bioavailability","display_name":"trace element bioavailability","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-accumulation","display_name":"heavy metal accumulation","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-enzyme-activity","display_name":"serum enzyme activity","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-nutrition","display_name":"fish nutrition","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780326611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134653","display_name":"Cyprinus","level":3,"score":0.9644230604171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778891732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751223","display_name":"Carp","level":3,"score":0.6914017200469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.5001933574676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776963538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81110","display_name":"Common carp","level":4,"score":0.4635813236236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.41386622190475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3804601728916168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.34752070903778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.32675883173942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.3233264684677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3080121576786041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.21840700507164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0743679404258728}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","pdf_url":"https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/download/1495/1012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185713","display_name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","issn_l":"2663-628X","issn":["2663-628X","2663-6298"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36162470","host_organization_name":"University of Zakho","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36162470"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd:article/1495","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/index/article/view/1495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185713","display_name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","issn_l":"2663-628X","issn":["2663-628X","2663-6298"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36162470","host_organization_name":"University of Zakho","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36162470"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2663-628X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d00b7c5653db46f2aa6fe65878ba760e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d00b7c5653db46f2aa6fe65878ba760e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho, Vol 13, Iss 2 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.2.1495","pdf_url":"https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/download/1495/1012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185713","display_name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","issn_l":"2663-628X","issn":["2663-628X","2663-6298"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36162470","host_organization_name":"University of Zakho","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36162470"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5666999816894531}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409401757.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409401757.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W224517382","https://openalex.org/W2981341105","https://openalex.org/W3039273827","https://openalex.org/W2411541953","https://openalex.org/W3042903085","https://openalex.org/W2413502128","https://openalex.org/W3206744670","https://openalex.org/W1980323915","https://openalex.org/W2023441403","https://openalex.org/W2162821932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,13,43,51,58,68,96,135,211,227],"effects":[4],"of":[5,23,39,75,82,137,198,214],"dietary":[6],"supplementation":[7],"with":[8,36,64,93],"silicon":[9],"nanoparticles":[10],"(Si-NPs)":[11],"on":[12],"growth":[14,88,221],"performance,":[15],"trace":[16,155],"element":[17,126,156],"concentrations,":[18],"and":[19,67,110,148,174,183,192,225],"serum":[20],"enzyme":[21,159,196],"activity":[22],"Cyprinus":[24],"carpio":[25],"(C.":[26],"carpio)":[27],"over":[28],"a":[29,186,205,217],"90-day":[30],"feeding":[31],"trial.":[32],"Four":[33],"experimental":[34],"diets":[35],"varying":[37],"levels":[38,81],"Si-NPs":[40,83,130,215],"were":[41,178],"prepared:":[42],"first":[44],"group":[45,53,60,70],"(GRP1)":[46],"was":[47,62],"given":[48],"0":[49],"mg/kg,":[50,57,66],"second":[52],"(GRP2)":[54],"received":[55],"1":[56],"third":[59],"(GRP3)":[61],"supplemented":[63],"2":[65],"fourth":[69],"(GRP4)":[71],"had":[72],"3":[73],"mg/kg":[74,133],"Si-NPs.":[76],"Results":[77],"revealed":[78],"that":[79,129],"moderate":[80],"(1-2":[84],"mg/kg)":[85,121],"significantly":[86,179],"improved":[87],"performance":[89],"(p":[90],"<":[91],"0.05),":[92],"GRP3":[94],"exhibiting":[95],"highest":[97],"final":[98],"weight":[99,104],"(35":[100],"\u00b1":[101,107,115],"0.44":[102],"g),":[103,109],"gain":[105],"(22.4":[106],"0.5":[108],"feed":[111],"conversion":[112],"ratio":[113],"(1.269":[114],"0.023).":[116],"In":[117],"contrast,":[118],"GRP4":[119,199],"(3":[120],"showed":[122],"reduced":[123,180],"growth.":[124],"Trace":[125],"analysis":[127],"demonstrated":[128],"at":[131],"1-2":[132],"enhanced":[134],"bioavailability":[136],"essential":[138],"elements":[139],"such":[140],"as":[141,216],"Sodium":[142],"(Na),":[143],"Iron":[144],"(Fe),":[145],"Magnesium":[146],"(Mg),":[147],"Zinc":[149],"(Zn),":[150],"while":[151],"higher":[152],"doses":[153],"disrupted":[154],"homeostasis.":[157],"Serum":[158],"activities,":[160],"including":[161],"Alanine":[162],"Aminotransferase":[163,166],"(ALT),":[164],"Aspartate":[165],"(AST),":[167],"Acid":[168],"Phosphatase":[169,172],"(ACP),":[170],"Alkaline":[171],"(ALP),":[173],"Lactate":[175],"Dehydrogenase":[176],"(LDH),":[177],"in":[181],"GRP2":[182],"GRP3,":[184],"suggesting":[185],"protective":[187],"effect":[188,213],"against":[189,229],"oxidative":[190,230],"stress":[191,231],"tissue":[193],"damage.":[194],"However,":[195],"activities":[197],"returned":[200],"to":[201,237],"control":[202],"values,":[203],"implying":[204],"threshold":[206],"effect.":[207],"The":[208],"research":[209],"indicates":[210],"beneficial":[212],"food":[218],"supplement":[219],"for":[220],"enhancement,":[222],"nutrient":[223],"assimilation,":[224],"protecting":[226],"fish":[228],"if":[232],"dosing":[233],"is":[234],"carefully":[235],"adjusted":[236],"avoid":[238],"toxicity.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}