{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409339474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.05492","title":"Higher frequency of adding salt to foods increases the risk of low bone mineral density in individuals over 60 - A Mendelian randomization study","display_name":"Higher frequency of adding salt to foods increases the risk of low bone mineral density in individuals over 60 - A Mendelian randomization study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409339474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.05492","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40326313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20960/nh.05492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.05492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.05492","pdf_url":"https://www.nutricionhospitalaria.org/filesPortalWeb/8731/CO-WM-05492-03.pdf?IovFdo08qDiV8sDqXB87l2nT9wN6LpoF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108953488","display_name":"Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria","issn_l":"0212-1611","issn":["0212-1611","1699-5198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","latindex","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322006","host_organization_name":"Ar\u00e1n Ediciones","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ar\u00e1n Ediciones"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nutricionhospitalaria.org/filesPortalWeb/8731/CO-WM-05492-03.pdf?IovFdo08qDiV8sDqXB87l2nT9wN6LpoF","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429716","display_name":"Zhuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3305-5090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3305-5090","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-409X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113392526","display_name":"Ying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7716-6452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7716-6452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101361893","display_name":"Yuhan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0401-4516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0401-4516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113880109","display_name":"Lianying Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1978-1470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1978-1470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianying Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ye Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027256482","display_name":"Mengqi Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-4792","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-4792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengqi Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001457463","display_name":"Lili Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-4518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-4518","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-3718","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-9142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012702666","display_name":"Qingyi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8000-3798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8000-3798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","Radiation Health Center. Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Health Center. Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006746882","display_name":"Lu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-1741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-1741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiation Health Center. Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Health Center. Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602640","display_name":"Feng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-5270","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-5270"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1099802","display_name":"Shenyang Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9xvd02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health. Shenyang Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1099802"],"apc_list":{"value":450,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":485},"apc_paid":{"value":450,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":485},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"3","first_page":"456","last_page":"463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12075","display_name":"Sodium Intake and Health","score":0.14659999310970306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.024399999529123306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-intake","display_name":"salt intake","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral-density","display_name":"bone mineral density","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporosis","display_name":"osteoporosis","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-spine","display_name":"lumbar spine","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femoral-neck","display_name":"femoral neck","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-reduction","display_name":"salt reduction","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporosis-prevention","display_name":"osteoporosis prevention","score":0.8429999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6816584","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","level":5,"score":0.9484248161315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.6541330218315125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175783326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185055","display_name":"Mendelian inheritance","level":3,"score":0.5981327295303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776432453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7946","display_name":"Mineral","level":2,"score":0.46059122681617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.45171666145324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12370","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.45064741373062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3628056049346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.35824429988861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.32795727252960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3237527012825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3162752389907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2911471724510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2799822688102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.26526331901550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.20438265800476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.15676093101501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13603922724723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.10875651240348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993967602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532932","display_name":"Genetic variants","level":4,"score":0.07453331351280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010024","descriptor_name":"Osteoporosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010024","descriptor_name":"Osteoporosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015519","descriptor_name":"Bone Density","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015519","descriptor_name":"Bone Density","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017673","descriptor_name":"Sodium Chloride, Dietary","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017673","descriptor_name":"Sodium Chloride, Dietary","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20960/nh.05492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.05492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.05492","pdf_url":"https://www.nutricionhospitalaria.org/filesPortalWeb/8731/CO-WM-05492-03.pdf?IovFdo08qDiV8sDqXB87l2nT9wN6LpoF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108953488","display_name":"Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria","issn_l":"0212-1611","issn":["0212-1611","1699-5198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","latindex","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322006","host_organization_name":"Ar\u00e1n Ediciones","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ar\u00e1n Ediciones"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40326313","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40326313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutricion hospitalaria","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scielo:S0212-16112025000300456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0212-16112025000300456","pdf_url":"https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/nh/v42n3/0212-1611-nh-42-3-456.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402135","display_name":"Scientific Electronic library online (Sciences Carlos III Health Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801357902","host_organization_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria v.42 n.3 2025","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20960/nh.05492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.05492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.05492","pdf_url":"https://www.nutricionhospitalaria.org/filesPortalWeb/8731/CO-WM-05492-03.pdf?IovFdo08qDiV8sDqXB87l2nT9wN6LpoF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108953488","display_name":"Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria","issn_l":"0212-1611","issn":["0212-1611","1699-5198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","latindex","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322006","host_organization_name":"Ar\u00e1n Ediciones","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ar\u00e1n Ediciones"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409339474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409339474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481123501","https://openalex.org/W1902575419","https://openalex.org/W1972696558","https://openalex.org/W1983387203","https://openalex.org/W2031050297","https://openalex.org/W2038435910","https://openalex.org/W2055186467","https://openalex.org/W2063799754","https://openalex.org/W2074048826","https://openalex.org/W2093053972","https://openalex.org/W2098690685","https://openalex.org/W2105709324","https://openalex.org/W2106036991","https://openalex.org/W2106445408","https://openalex.org/W2107177524","https://openalex.org/W2107789045","https://openalex.org/W2113699335","https://openalex.org/W2123346255","https://openalex.org/W2127768736","https://openalex.org/W2128736149","https://openalex.org/W2130638433","https://openalex.org/W2131207552","https://openalex.org/W2144596601","https://openalex.org/W2152799367","https://openalex.org/W2160974120","https://openalex.org/W2161525043","https://openalex.org/W2528889533","https://openalex.org/W2569409937","https://openalex.org/W2581245397","https://openalex.org/W2604218568","https://openalex.org/W2613603864","https://openalex.org/W2623254830","https://openalex.org/W2735339162","https://openalex.org/W2781976437","https://openalex.org/W2803072880","https://openalex.org/W2805859087","https://openalex.org/W2805983714","https://openalex.org/W2818417770","https://openalex.org/W2895486342","https://openalex.org/W2902807692","https://openalex.org/W2950888992","https://openalex.org/W3104522300","https://openalex.org/W3125873210","https://openalex.org/W3200799045","https://openalex.org/W3207019402","https://openalex.org/W4220705422","https://openalex.org/W4226404256","https://openalex.org/W4293116218","https://openalex.org/W4293799888","https://openalex.org/W4315705053","https://openalex.org/W4316466220","https://openalex.org/W4317401572","https://openalex.org/W4321446752","https://openalex.org/W4379376425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404526288","https://openalex.org/W7208807548","https://openalex.org/W7208728005","https://openalex.org/W3120552920","https://openalex.org/W4409488682","https://openalex.org/W4408562046","https://openalex.org/W4406898795","https://openalex.org/W6920810289","https://openalex.org/W2891141913","https://openalex.org/W4379376425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Background:":[1],"Adding":[2],"salt":[3,41,58,155,217,234],"to":[4,33,42,55,59,156,218],"foods":[5,43,60,157,219],"is":[6],"associated":[7],"with":[8],"an":[9],"increased":[10],"osteoporosis":[11,240],"risk,":[12],"but":[13],"the":[14,35,52,72,112,230],"causality":[15],"of":[16,39,153,215,232],"this":[17,23,208,237],"relationship":[18],"remains":[19],"unknown.":[20],"Methods:":[21],"in":[22,161,200,225,236],"study,":[24],"we":[25,79,145],"conducted":[26],"a":[27,147,212],"two-sample":[28],"Mendelian":[29],"randomization":[30],"(MR)":[31],"study":[32,210],"investigate":[34],"potential":[36],"causal":[37,194],"effect":[38,195],"adding":[40,57,154,216],"on":[44,62,198],"bone":[45],"mineral":[46],"density":[47],"(BMD).":[48],"Utilizing":[49],"data":[50,68],"from":[51,71],"UK":[53],"Biobank":[54],"estimate":[56],"based":[61],"self-reported":[63],"consumption":[64,235],"and":[65,97,104,126,130,141,158,183],"genetic":[66],"association":[67,149,177],"for":[69,75,239],"BMD":[70,82,95,199,223],"Genetic":[73],"Factors":[74],"Osteoporosis":[76],"(GEFOS)":[77],"consortium,":[78],"examined":[80],"various":[81],"sites:":[83],"forearm":[84],"(distal":[85],"1/3":[86],"radius),":[87],"lumbar":[88],"spine":[89],"(L1-4),":[90],"femoral":[91],"neck,":[92],"total":[93],"body":[94],"(TB-BMD),":[96],"age-specific":[98],"TB-BMD":[99,160],"(0-15,":[100],"15-30,":[101],"30-45,":[102],"45-60,":[103],"over":[105,163,227],"60":[106,164],"years).":[107],"The":[108],"primary":[109],"analysis":[110],"used":[111],"inverse":[113],"variance":[114],"weighted":[115],"method,":[116],"supplemented":[117],"by":[118],"sensitivity":[119,184],"analyses":[120],"employing":[121],"multiple":[122],"MR":[123,209],"methods,":[124],"MR-PRESSO,":[125],"leave-one-out":[127],"approach.":[128],"Pleiotropy":[129],"heterogeneity":[131,189],"were":[132],"assessed":[133],"using":[134],"MR-Egger":[135],"intercept,":[136],"funnel":[137],"plots,":[138],"Cochran's":[139],"Q,":[140],"Rucker's":[142],"Q.":[143],"Results:":[144],"found":[146],"suggestive":[148],"between":[150],"higher":[151,213],"frequency":[152,214],"decreased":[159],"Europeans":[162],"(OR":[165],"=":[166,171,174],"0.84,":[167],"95":[168],"%":[169],"CI":[170],"0.721-0.979,":[172],"p":[173],"0.026).":[175],"This":[176],"remained":[178],"robust":[179],"across":[180],"different":[181],"methods":[182],"analyses,":[185],"showing":[186],"no":[187,193],"apparent":[188],"or":[190,204],"pleiotropy.":[191],"However,":[192],"was":[196],"detected":[197],"other":[201],"age":[202],"groups":[203],"skeletal":[205],"sites.":[206],"Conclusion:":[207],"suggests":[211],"significantly":[220],"increases":[221],"low":[222],"risk":[224],"individuals":[226],"60,":[228],"underscoring":[229],"importance":[231],"reducing":[233],"demographic":[238],"prevention.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-04-11T00:00:00"}