{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409233243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","title":"Identification and Evaluation of Pitfalls in the Migration From IEC 61131-3 to IEC 61499: A Review","display_name":"Identification and Evaluation of Pitfalls in the Migration From IEC 61131-3 to IEC 61499: A Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409233243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227635","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","issn_l":"2644-1284","issn":["2644-1284"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023031609","display_name":"Virendra Ashiwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-0512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-0512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166982","display_name":"ABB (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05yeg2858","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166982","https://openalex.org/I885143765"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virendra Ashiwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["ABB AG Corporate Research Center Germany, Mannheim, Germany","ABB Corporate Research Center, Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-0512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ABB AG Corporate Research Center Germany, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ABB Corporate Research Center, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066418782","display_name":"Oscar Miguel\u2010Escrig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-2038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-2038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Miguel-Escrig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-2038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079254748","display_name":"Bianca Wiesmayr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9512-5249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9512-5249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bianca Wiesmayr","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIT CPS Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","LIT CPS Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9512-5249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIT CPS Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIT CPS Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018336060","display_name":"Alois Zoitl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-3209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-3209"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alois Zoitl","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIT CPS Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","LIT CPS Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-3209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIT CPS Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIT CPS Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029155230","display_name":"Julio\u2010Ariel Romero\u2010P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-2239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-2239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julio-Ariel Romero-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":2.0902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86454964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"575","last_page":"590"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13344","display_name":"Industrial Automation and Control Systems","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13344","display_name":"Industrial Automation and Control Systems","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61499","display_name":"IEC 61499","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61131-3","display_name":"IEC 61131-3","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reengineering","display_name":"reengineering","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-control-systems","display_name":"distributed control systems","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-automation","display_name":"industrial automation","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-blocks","display_name":"function blocks","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encapsulation","display_name":"encapsulation","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-component-development","display_name":"software component development","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7318041920661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3946380913257599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3322564363479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06570655107498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227635","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","issn_l":"2644-1284","issn":["2644-1284"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80a8b9d0d3964ef4bd8bd2c29c0e98f8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80a8b9d0d3964ef4bd8bd2c29c0e98f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, Vol 6, Pp 575-590 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2025.3558685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227635","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","issn_l":"2644-1284","issn":["2644-1284"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250665209","https://openalex.org/W874299325","https://openalex.org/W1524894467","https://openalex.org/W1906079936","https://openalex.org/W1965445674","https://openalex.org/W1965506543","https://openalex.org/W1968178462","https://openalex.org/W1968441363","https://openalex.org/W1973822881","https://openalex.org/W1977982316","https://openalex.org/W1986170521","https://openalex.org/W2011521967","https://openalex.org/W2015405628","https://openalex.org/W2022613005","https://openalex.org/W2027766831","https://openalex.org/W2028995568","https://openalex.org/W2031301247","https://openalex.org/W2039568215","https://openalex.org/W2040618730","https://openalex.org/W2040832044","https://openalex.org/W2040911247","https://openalex.org/W2054647226","https://openalex.org/W2054718728","https://openalex.org/W2056913993","https://openalex.org/W2063359315","https://openalex.org/W2064432293","https://openalex.org/W2064459905","https://openalex.org/W2076660947","https://openalex.org/W2097454451","https://openalex.org/W2104848200","https://openalex.org/W2109508945","https://openalex.org/W2118737060","https://openalex.org/W2128294071","https://openalex.org/W2147059516","https://openalex.org/W2147359480","https://openalex.org/W2150220236","https://openalex.org/W2153705556","https://openalex.org/W2159042397","https://openalex.org/W2166701014","https://openalex.org/W2554930404","https://openalex.org/W2782970715","https://openalex.org/W2893261944","https://openalex.org/W2930288321","https://openalex.org/W2965447673","https://openalex.org/W2980556838","https://openalex.org/W2995245900","https://openalex.org/W3073375631","https://openalex.org/W3094168523","https://openalex.org/W3110730679","https://openalex.org/W3174461885","https://openalex.org/W3215028181","https://openalex.org/W3215555412","https://openalex.org/W4243870670","https://openalex.org/W4312233235","https://openalex.org/W4313179805","https://openalex.org/W4386323995","https://openalex.org/W4387583550","https://openalex.org/W4387583638","https://openalex.org/W4388736861","https://openalex.org/W4388919007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153705556","https://openalex.org/W2605803213","https://openalex.org/W7008334059","https://openalex.org/W2083965535","https://openalex.org/W1977982316","https://openalex.org/W7101095683","https://openalex.org/W7166488979","https://openalex.org/W874299325","https://openalex.org/W3073375631","https://openalex.org/W7161983803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,151,180],"IEC":[1,46,92,105,122,159,164,178,197,203],"61131-3":[2,198],"standard":[3,48],"was":[4,49],"initially":[5],"established":[6],"to":[7,23,51,132,163,186,202],"define":[8],"a":[9,34,210,230],"common":[10],"software":[11,69,85],"architecture":[12],"and":[13,55,68,81,100,112,139,142,228,232],"programming":[14,110,175],"languages":[15],"for":[16,235],"PLCs":[17],"produced":[18],"by":[19,61,120],"various":[20],"manufacturers,":[21],"leading":[22],"its":[24,125],"widespread":[25],"adoption":[26,126],"since":[27],"1993.":[28],"Since":[29],"then,":[30],"it":[31,97,170],"has":[32],"been":[33],"cornerstone":[35],"in":[36],"the":[37,45,53,117,121,143,147,173,188,223,226],"industrial":[38,148],"automation":[39,149,161,200],"domain.":[40],"Building":[41],"upon":[42],"this":[43,183,206],"foundation,":[44],"61499":[47,93,123,165],"developed":[50],"enhance":[52],"design":[54],"implementation":[56],"of":[57,75,84,146,177,182],"distributed":[58,66],"control":[59,76,194],"systems":[60,67,201],"incorporating":[62],"advanced":[63],"concepts":[64],"from":[65,78,87,104,156,196,225],"engineering":[70],"such":[71],"as":[72],"encapsulation,":[73],"separation":[74],"logic":[77],"communication":[79],"infrastructure,":[80],"independent":[82],"development":[83],"components":[86],"their":[88],"hardware":[89],"deployment.":[90],"While":[91],"introduces":[94],"novel":[95],"approaches,":[96],"also":[98,166],"incorporates":[99],"extends":[101],"key":[102],"elements":[103],"61131-3,":[106],"including":[107],"function":[108],"blocks,":[109],"languages,":[111],"basic":[113],"data":[114],"types.":[115],"Despite":[116],"advantages":[118],"offered":[119],"standard,":[124],"is":[127,185],"still":[128],"limited":[129],"largely":[130],"due":[131],"historical":[133],"precedence,":[134],"industry":[135],"familiarity,":[136],"better":[137],"tool":[138],"vendor":[140],"support,":[141],"risk-averse":[144],"nature":[145],"market.":[150],"migration":[152,218],"or":[153],"re-engineering":[154],"effort":[155],"an":[157],"existing":[158],"61131-based":[160],"system":[162],"faces":[167],"challenges":[168],"because":[169],"typically":[171],"retains":[172],"underlying":[174],"paradigms":[176],"61131-3.":[179],"contribution":[181],"paper":[184],"identify":[187],"pitfalls":[189],"associated":[190],"with":[191],"migrating":[192],"PLC":[193],"code":[195],"based":[199],"61499.":[204],"For":[205],"purpose,":[207],"we":[208],"conducted":[209],"systematic":[211],"literature":[212,227],"review":[213],"that":[214],"address":[215],"these":[216,237],"identified":[217],"pitfalls.":[219,238],"We":[220],"then":[221],"synthesized":[222],"findings":[224],"provided":[229],"summary":[231],"research":[233],"directions":[234],"addressing":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-04T09:36:47.201465","created_date":"2025-04-08T00:00:00"}