{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409116265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000002249","title":"Topical review: Potential mechanisms of atropine for myopia control","display_name":"Topical review: Potential mechanisms of atropine for myopia control","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409116265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000002249","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40168189","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13499957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000002249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000002249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000002249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45696439","display_name":"Optometry and Vision Science","issn_l":"1040-5488","issn":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optometry and Vision Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13499957/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113032562","display_name":"D. Horn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103850315","display_name":"Drexel University Elkins Park Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/00p82hn55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103850315","https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Darryl Horn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus at Drexel University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus at Drexel University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103850315","https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093093980","display_name":"Aaron D. Salzano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149261","display_name":"Pacific University","ror":"https://ror.org/059z5w858","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149261"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron D. Salzano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vision Therapy and Pediatrics, Pacific University College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vision Therapy and Pediatrics, Pacific University College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048242639","display_name":"Erin C. Jenewein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-2796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-2796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103850315","display_name":"Drexel University Elkins Park Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/00p82hn55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103850315","https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erin C. Jenewein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus at Drexel University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus at Drexel University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103850315","https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109008391","display_name":"Katherine K. Weise","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine K. Weise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052084050","display_name":"Frank Schaeffel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3685-0811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3685-0811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165657","display_name":"Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/05e715194","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Schaeffel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Switzerland","Section Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074437603","display_name":"Ute Mathis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ute Mathis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076887007","display_name":"Safal Khanal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-8046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-8046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safal Khanal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113032562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103850315","https://openalex.org/I72816309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92621431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"5","first_page":"260","last_page":"270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atropine","display_name":"atropine","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myopia-control","display_name":"myopia control","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myopia-progression","display_name":"myopia progression","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscarinic-receptors","display_name":"muscarinic receptors","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine-receptors","display_name":"dopamine receptors","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha2-adrenergic-receptors","display_name":"alpha2-adrenoceptors","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba-receptors","display_name":"GABA receptors","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-receptors","display_name":"cytokine receptors","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accommodation","display_name":"accommodation","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-growth","display_name":"eye growth","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775859210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26272","display_name":"Atropine","level":2,"score":0.9367061853408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33789571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410959","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor","level":3,"score":0.7832779884338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5300445556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.46190840005874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.33047395944595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.28711700439453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2552626132965088}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000065","descriptor_name":"Accommodation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001285","descriptor_name":"Atropine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001285","descriptor_name":"Atropine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009184","descriptor_name":"Mydriatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009216","descriptor_name":"Myopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009216","descriptor_name":"Myopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009883","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmic Solutions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011976","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Muscarinic","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012029","descriptor_name":"Refraction, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012029","descriptor_name":"Refraction, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018727","descriptor_name":"Muscarinic Antagonists","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000002249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000002249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000002249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45696439","display_name":"Optometry and Vision Science","issn_l":"1040-5488","issn":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optometry and Vision Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40168189","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40168189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13499957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13499957/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Optom Vis Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13499957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13499957/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Optom Vis Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6385374650","display_name":"Pilot test of a novel wavelength-based method to control childhood myopia","funder_award_id":"R21EY036536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":201,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10450595","https://openalex.org/W28937495","https://openalex.org/W32891130","https://openalex.org/W34713357","https://openalex.org/W46518765","https://openalex.org/W50932511","https://openalex.org/W100614234","https://openalex.org/W108171185","https://openalex.org/W309231786","https://openalex.org/W1485428267","https://openalex.org/W1488959288","https://openalex.org/W1518081386","https://openalex.org/W1549900574","https://openalex.org/W1557050229","https://openalex.org/W1579540011","https://openalex.org/W1579928864","https://openalex.org/W1596886387","https://openalex.org/W1925492557","https://openalex.org/W1965970436","https://openalex.org/W1969244859","https://openalex.org/W1972164176","https://openalex.org/W1974054582","https://openalex.org/W1976203061","https://openalex.org/W1979118159","https://openalex.org/W1980752724","https://openalex.org/W1981615411","https://openalex.org/W1983093267","https://openalex.org/W1985614028","https://openalex.org/W1987361340","https://openalex.org/W1990770500","https://openalex.org/W1992589532","https://openalex.org/W1996481512","https://openalex.org/W2003194125","https://openalex.org/W2005571511","https://openalex.org/W2007846238","https://openalex.org/W2007895491","https://openalex.org/W2008307034","https://openalex.org/W2017440975","https://openalex.org/W2018886068","https://openalex.org/W2022888973","https://openalex.org/W2023669971","https://openalex.org/W2024083782","https://openalex.org/W2028538557","https://openalex.org/W2028877695","https://openalex.org/W2038044751","https://openalex.org/W2040447817","https://openalex.org/W2042662535","https://openalex.org/W2043186051","https://openalex.org/W2043721419","https://openalex.org/W2045918089","https://openalex.org/W2048285122","https://openalex.org/W2050444395","https://openalex.org/W2050663849","https://openalex.org/W2051252268","https://openalex.org/W2052082800","https://openalex.org/W2052514210","https://openalex.org/W2053567630","https://openalex.org/W2054367694","https://openalex.org/W2054730944","https://openalex.org/W2057383623","https://openalex.org/W2058200475","https://openalex.org/W2065635189","https://openalex.org/W2065651845","https://openalex.org/W2067095492","https://openalex.org/W2068651555","https://openalex.org/W2069655659","https://openalex.org/W2070189344","https://openalex.org/W2074253668","https://openalex.org/W2074321920","https://openalex.org/W2077453235","https://openalex.org/W2079128738","https://openalex.org/W2080586625","https://openalex.org/W2084359597","https://openalex.org/W2084921427","https://openalex.org/W2085038071","https://openalex.org/W2085666293","https://openalex.org/W2089688893","https://openalex.org/W2090618164","https://openalex.org/W2094731705","https://openalex.org/W2095902964","https://openalex.org/W2101066852","https://openalex.org/W2111734512","https://openalex.org/W2113630547","https://openalex.org/W2115750269","https://openalex.org/W2116286003","https://openalex.org/W2121937598","https://openalex.org/W2126180763","https://openalex.org/W2129188559","https://openalex.org/W2130738019","https://openalex.org/W2135939475","https://openalex.org/W2136829487","https://openalex.org/W2138595060","https://openalex.org/W2141138558","https://openalex.org/W2141211912","https://openalex.org/W2142178659","https://openalex.org/W2143856640","https://openalex.org/W2144891857","https://openalex.org/W2144965832","https://openalex.org/W2148837554","https://openalex.org/W2154381204","https://openalex.org/W2157829136","https://openalex.org/W2160740541","https://openalex.org/W2161095614","https://openalex.org/W2163111199","https://openalex.org/W2164004828","https://openalex.org/W2164426259","https://openalex.org/W2165318802","https://openalex.org/W2228041757","https://openalex.org/W2263495255","https://openalex.org/W2285509587","https://openalex.org/W2316430735","https://openalex.org/W2317899435","https://openalex.org/W2319749507","https://openalex.org/W2327238613","https://openalex.org/W2327806714","https://openalex.org/W2335711157","https://openalex.org/W2394973123","https://openalex.org/W2395482890","https://openalex.org/W2399957449","https://openalex.org/W2400123632","https://openalex.org/W2404278499","https://openalex.org/W2408023812","https://openalex.org/W2409363961","https://openalex.org/W2414923876","https://openalex.org/W2416382269","https://openalex.org/W2465439592","https://openalex.org/W2558109600","https://openalex.org/W2558931807","https://openalex.org/W2559705828","https://openalex.org/W2572556681","https://openalex.org/W2604238009","https://openalex.org/W2622037061","https://openalex.org/W2787411595","https://openalex.org/W2806145816","https://openalex.org/W2820431423","https://openalex.org/W2890762451","https://openalex.org/W2892915214","https://openalex.org/W2896436729","https://openalex.org/W2903540251","https://openalex.org/W2911705942","https://openalex.org/W2913727506","https://openalex.org/W2920216425","https://openalex.org/W2920274135","https://openalex.org/W2943981724","https://openalex.org/W2945193367","https://openalex.org/W2947782382","https://openalex.org/W2958913555","https://openalex.org/W2963136959","https://openalex.org/W2963146614","https://openalex.org/W2971928608","https://openalex.org/W2979837315","https://openalex.org/W2998643236","https://openalex.org/W3000203057","https://openalex.org/W3008322165","https://openalex.org/W3030209938","https://openalex.org/W3048606831","https://openalex.org/W3082502719","https://openalex.org/W3089748349","https://openalex.org/W3128562820","https://openalex.org/W3131578737","https://openalex.org/W3147954532","https://openalex.org/W3150827814","https://openalex.org/W3183217293","https://openalex.org/W4205775408","https://openalex.org/W4206081547","https://openalex.org/W4212888847","https://openalex.org/W4214541671","https://openalex.org/W4220757449","https://openalex.org/W4223955113","https://openalex.org/W4242772500","https://openalex.org/W4250139017","https://openalex.org/W4254268465","https://openalex.org/W4255271122","https://openalex.org/W4281629529","https://openalex.org/W4293093317","https://openalex.org/W4294044357","https://openalex.org/W4300772124","https://openalex.org/W4311759926","https://openalex.org/W4322500954","https://openalex.org/W4323533319","https://openalex.org/W4367600447","https://openalex.org/W4367601897","https://openalex.org/W4378953275","https://openalex.org/W4382196043","https://openalex.org/W4384120011","https://openalex.org/W4386948678","https://openalex.org/W4387043093","https://openalex.org/W4391847142","https://openalex.org/W4392240842","https://openalex.org/W4402757343","https://openalex.org/W6601180224","https://openalex.org/W6675388518","https://openalex.org/W6680944471","https://openalex.org/W6681322682","https://openalex.org/W6682928995","https://openalex.org/W6684541602","https://openalex.org/W6712053840","https://openalex.org/W6712762768","https://openalex.org/W6714303527","https://openalex.org/W6730393004","https://openalex.org/W6758303982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030899483","https://openalex.org/W2997374461","https://openalex.org/W7203715166","https://openalex.org/W4379012864","https://openalex.org/W2960273776","https://openalex.org/W7170123423","https://openalex.org/W2801972370","https://openalex.org/W3015381609","https://openalex.org/W7138883930","https://openalex.org/W7115558417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SIGNIFICANCE:":[0],"Atropine":[1],"is":[2,24,76,140,162,244],"effective":[3,79,94],"at":[4,261],"slowing":[5,82,194,220],"myopia":[6,19,48,54,61,83,102,135,145,195,221,252,283],"progression":[7,40,84,103],"in":[8,104,112,117,172,193,232,274],"children,":[9],"but":[10,156],"the":[11,39,51,66,77,113,127,165,183,224,272,275],"mechanism":[12],"of":[13,28,41,45,65,70,89,130,206,228,235,240,242,264,268],"action":[14,184,241],"by":[15,32,121],"which":[16,33,122,269],"it":[17],"controls":[18],"remains":[20,137],"unclear.":[21],"This":[22,197],"article":[23],"an":[25],"evidenced-based":[26],"review":[27,198],"potential":[29],"receptor-based":[30,229],"mechanisms":[31,120,230,260],"atropine":[34,74,90,123,132,143,177,233,243,247],"may":[35,124,214,216,248],"act":[36],"to":[37,85,100,149,174,219,278],"slow":[38,101],"myopia.The":[42],"rising":[43],"number":[44],"individuals":[46],"with":[47],"worldwide":[49],"and":[50,55,95,152,190,209,282],"association":[52],"between":[53],"vision-threatening":[56],"ocular":[57,207,265],"pathologies":[58],"have":[59,169],"made":[60,111],"control":[62,125,136,234,253],"treatments":[63],"one":[64],"fastest":[67],"growing":[68],"areas":[69],"ophthalmic":[71],"research.":[72],"High-concentration":[73],"(1%)":[75],"most":[78],"treatment":[80],"for":[81,134],"date;":[86],"low":[87],"concentrations":[88],"(\u22640.05%)":[91],"appear":[92],"partially":[93],"are":[96],"currently":[97],"being":[98],"used":[99],"children.":[105],"While":[106],"significant":[107],"progress":[108],"has":[109],"been":[110],"past":[114],"few":[115],"decades":[116],"understanding":[118],"fundamental":[119],"myopia,":[126,236],"precise":[128],"characterization":[129],"how":[131,211],"works":[133],"incomplete.":[138],"It":[139],"plausible":[141],"that":[142,160],"slows":[144],"via":[146,258],"its":[147,251],"affinity":[148],"muscarinic":[150,175],"receptors":[151,192],"influence":[153],"on":[154,202],"accommodation,":[155],"animal":[157],"studies":[158,168],"suggest":[159],"this":[161],"likely":[163,270],"not":[164,217],"case.":[166],"Other":[167],"shown":[170],"that,":[171],"addition":[173],"receptors,":[176],"can":[178],"also":[179],"bind,":[180],"or":[181,215,256],"affect":[182],"of,":[185],"dopamine,":[186],"alpha-2-adrenergic,":[187],"gamma-aminobutyric":[188],"acid,":[189],"cytokine":[191],"progression.":[196,222,284],"summarizes":[199],"atropine's":[200],"effects":[201,213,254],"different":[203],"receptor":[204],"pathways":[205],"tissues":[208],"discusses":[210],"these":[212],"contribute":[218],"Given":[223],"relatively":[225],"broad":[226],"array":[227],"implicated":[231],"a":[237],"single":[238],"mode":[239],"unlikely;":[245],"rather":[246],"be":[249],"exerting":[250],"directly":[255],"indirectly":[257],"several":[259],"multiple":[262],"levels":[263],"tissues,":[266],"all":[267],"trigger":[271],"response":[273],"same":[276],"direction":[277],"inhibit":[279],"eye":[280],"growth":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-04-03T00:00:00"}
