{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408994635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2025.2467586","title":"Staying the course? Latvia\u2019s choices between conscription and an all-volunteer force","display_name":"Staying the course? Latvia\u2019s choices between conscription and an all-volunteer force","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408994635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2025.2467586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/14751798.2025.2467586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2025.2467586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2025.2467586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184553475","display_name":"Defense and Security Analysis","issn_l":"1475-1798","issn":["1475-1798","1475-1801"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Defense &amp; Security Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081806551","display_name":"Toms Rostoks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-5866","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-5866"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107202","display_name":"National Defence Academy of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/01qxgsr72","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107202"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toms Rostoks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Security and Strategic Research, National Defence Academy of Latvia","University of Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-5866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Security and Strategic Research, National Defence Academy of Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107202"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116854070","display_name":"Guna Gavrilko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guna Gavrilko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Latvia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081806551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107202","https://openalex.org/I91123046"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90802386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"3","first_page":"441","last_page":"463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.7064999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.7064999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.1387999951839447,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.09099999815225601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conscription","display_name":"conscription","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-volunteer-force","display_name":"all-volunteer force","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latvia","display_name":"Latvia","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-recruitment-policy","display_name":"military recruitment policy","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nato-accession","display_name":"NATO accession","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russia-ukraine-war","display_name":"Russian invasion of Ukraine","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-continuity","display_name":"policy continuity","score":0.9449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777552389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962728","display_name":"Course (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6004972457885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776768635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427301","display_name":"Volunteer","level":2,"score":0.5911519527435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.394222617149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35417649149894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33805644512176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26282134652137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/14751798.2025.2467586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2025.2467586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2025.2467586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184553475","display_name":"Defense and Security Analysis","issn_l":"1475-1798","issn":["1475-1798","1475-1801"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Defense &amp; Security Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323269","display_name":"Latvijas Zin\u0101tnes Padome","ror":"https://ror.org/02ar66p97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408935244","https://openalex.org/W2014748875","https://openalex.org/W7027270615","https://openalex.org/W3217196941","https://openalex.org/W2583999732","https://openalex.org/W7168064675","https://openalex.org/W3217473394","https://openalex.org/W2771377895","https://openalex.org/W7005031572","https://openalex.org/W6992875274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,46],"explains":[2],"three":[3],"consecutive":[4],"decisions":[5],"by":[6,131],"Latvian":[7],"policymakers":[8,52],"regarding":[9,68],"conscription:":[10],"Latvia\u2019s":[11,72,93,112],"decision":[12,22,39,113],"to":[13,24,40,95,114,117],"abolish":[14],"conscription":[15,26,42,86,118],"upon":[16],"joining":[17],"NATO":[18],"in":[19,27,35,43,66,88,105,135],"2004,":[20],"the":[21,28,38,76,122],"not":[23],"reinstate":[25],"aftermath":[29],"of":[30,78,83,126,139],"Russia\u2019s":[31],"aggression":[32],"against":[33],"Ukraine":[34],"2014,":[36],"and":[37,124,141],"reintroduce":[41],"2023.":[44],"The":[45,81],"relies":[47],"on":[48],"interviews":[49],"with":[50],"key":[51,64],"for":[53],"its":[54,89],"sources.":[55],"It":[56],"concludes":[57],"that":[58],"external":[59,101],"security":[60,102,109],"pressures":[61,103,110],"played":[62],"a":[63],"role":[65],"decision-making":[67],"military":[69],"recruitment.":[70],"However,":[71],"case":[73],"also":[74],"demonstrates":[75],"significance":[77],"domestic":[79,98,132],"influences.":[80],"absence":[82],"constituencies":[84],"favouring":[85],"resulted":[87],"demise":[90],"shortly":[91],"after":[92],"accession":[94],"NATO.":[96],"Post-2014,":[97],"influences":[99],"negated":[100],"resulting":[104,134],"policy":[106,128],"continuity.":[107],"External":[108],"explain":[111],"transition":[115],"back":[116],"from":[119],"2023,":[120],"but":[121],"form":[123],"implementation":[125],"this":[127],"were":[129],"conditioned":[130],"influences,":[133],"small":[136],"annual":[137],"intakes":[138],"conscripts":[140],"concerns":[142],"over":[143],"potentially":[144],"negative":[145],"publicity.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-03-31T00:00:00"}
