{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408945662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","title":"Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in the Management of Primary Tooth Traumas: A Comparative Analysis","display_name":"Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in the Management of Primary Tooth Traumas: A Comparative Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408945662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196429","display_name":"Journal of International Dental Sciences","issn_l":"2149-8628","issn":["2149-8628","2717-655X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Dental Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075840280","display_name":"Mihriban G\u00f6kcek Tara\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-8518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-8518"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173761726","display_name":"Karab\u00fck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wy7gp54","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173761726"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mihriban G\u00f6kcek Tara\u00e7","raw_affiliation_strings":["KARAB\u00dcK \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, D\u0130\u015e HEK\u0130ML\u0130\u011e\u0130 FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-8518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KARAB\u00dcK \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, D\u0130\u015e HEK\u0130ML\u0130\u011e\u0130 FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173761726"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075840280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173761726"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1894,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49773062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"22","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12367","display_name":"Dental Trauma and Treatments","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-chatbots","display_name":"AI chatbots","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-trauma-management","display_name":"dental trauma management","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/google-gemini","display_name":"Google Gemini","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bing","display_name":"Bing","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/claude","display_name":"Claude","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-reliability","display_name":"AI reliability","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"reproducibility","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-dentistry","display_name":"pediatric dentistry","score":0.6869999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777977315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243056","display_name":"Primary (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.530949056148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910174986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281524","display_name":"Primary Tooth","level":2,"score":0.45238402485847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44498446583747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.42510196566581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37777939438819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3723975419998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3462785482406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196429","display_name":"Journal of International Dental Sciences","issn_l":"2149-8628","issn":["2149-8628","2717-655X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Dental Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/1639393","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/dishekimligi/article/1639393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1639393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196429","display_name":"Journal of International Dental Sciences","issn_l":"2149-8628","issn":["2149-8628","2717-655X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Dental Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W2135305407","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2908559636","https://openalex.org/W2911634379","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W3032566960","https://openalex.org/W3117036764","https://openalex.org/W3139080614","https://openalex.org/W3216543318","https://openalex.org/W4288428161","https://openalex.org/W4323830259","https://openalex.org/W4360816697","https://openalex.org/W4367175507","https://openalex.org/W4377291971","https://openalex.org/W4379231355","https://openalex.org/W4379599615","https://openalex.org/W4381662577","https://openalex.org/W4383187389","https://openalex.org/W4386194145","https://openalex.org/W4388823522","https://openalex.org/W4389117636","https://openalex.org/W4389993479","https://openalex.org/W4391679415","https://openalex.org/W4396893638","https://openalex.org/W4403492256","https://openalex.org/W4403780728","https://openalex.org/W4404641621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403492256","https://openalex.org/W4413164056","https://openalex.org/W4412201666","https://openalex.org/W7119484198","https://openalex.org/W4416780647","https://openalex.org/W4410460849","https://openalex.org/W4409118820","https://openalex.org/W4406814200","https://openalex.org/W7205505139","https://openalex.org/W7115917143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,52,65,85,207],"evaluate":[5],"the":[6,28,66,87,98,109,130,143,170,187],"reliability":[7,88,210],"and":[8,20,35,49,89,157,181,203,211],"consistency":[9],"of":[10,25,30,39,91,100,138,165,173,189],"four":[11,67],"artificial":[12],"intelligence":[13],"(AI)":[14],"chatbots\u2014ChatGPT":[15],"3.5,":[16],"Google":[17],"Gemini,":[18,158],"Bing,":[19,156],"Claude":[21,141,160],"AI\u2014as":[22],"public":[23,216],"sources":[24],"information":[26,217],"on":[27,46],"management":[29],"primary":[31],"tooth":[32],"trauma.":[33],"Materials":[34],"Methods:":[36],"A":[37],"total":[38],"31":[40],"dichotomous":[41],"questions":[42],"were":[43],"developed":[44],"based":[45],"common":[47],"issues":[48],"concerns":[50],"related":[51],"dental":[53],"trauma,":[54],"particularly":[55],"those":[56],"frequently":[57],"raised":[58],"by":[59,96],"parents.":[60],"Each":[61],"question,":[62],"sequentially":[63],"presented":[64],"AI":[68,122,174],"chatbots,":[69],"was":[70,94,114,149],"repeated":[71],"three":[72],"times":[73],"daily,":[74],"with":[75,103],"a":[76,82,162],"one-hour":[77],"interval":[78],"between":[79],"repetitions,":[80],"over":[81],"five-day":[83],"period,":[84],"assess":[86],"reproducibility":[90],"responses.":[92],"Accuracy":[93],"determined":[95],"calculating":[97],"proportion":[99],"correct":[101],"responses,":[102],"95%":[104],"confidence":[105],"intervals":[106],"estimated":[107],"using":[108,116],"Wald":[110],"binomial":[111],"method.":[112],"Reliability":[113],"assessed":[115],"Fleiss\u2019":[117],"kappa":[118],"coefficient.":[119],"Results:":[120],"All":[121],"chatbots":[123],"demonstrated":[124],"high":[125,179],"accuracy.":[126],"Bing":[127],"emerged":[128],"as":[129,151,215],"most":[131],"accurate":[132],"model,":[133],"achieving":[134],"an":[135],"accuracy":[136,145,180],"rate":[137],"96.34%,":[139],"while":[140],"had":[142],"lowest":[144],"at":[146],"88.17%.":[147],"Consistency":[148],"classified":[150],"\u201calmost":[152],"perfect\u201d":[153],"for":[154,194],"ChatGPT,":[155],"whereas":[159],"exhibited":[161],"\u201csubstantial\u201d":[163],"level":[164],"agreement.":[166],"These":[167,184],"findings":[168],"underscore":[169],"relative":[171],"performance":[172],"models":[175],"in":[176,198],"tasks":[177],"requiring":[178],"reliability.":[182],"Conclusion:":[183],"results":[185],"emphasize":[186],"importance":[188],"critically":[190],"evaluating":[191],"AI-based":[192],"systems":[193],"their":[195,209,213],"potential":[196],"use":[197],"clinical":[199],"applications.":[200],"Continuous":[201],"improvements":[202],"updates":[204],"are":[205],"essential":[206],"enhance":[208],"ensure":[212],"effectiveness":[214],"tools.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-03-29T00:00:00"}
