{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408928206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","title":"How to report E-values for meta-analyses: Recommended improvements and additions to the new GRADE approach","display_name":"How to report E-values for meta-analyses: Recommended improvements and additions to the new GRADE approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408928206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021906307","display_name":"Maya B. Mathur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-2607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-2607"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya B Mathur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028103646","display_name":"Tyler J. VanderWeele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-0239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-0239"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler J. VanderWeele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-0239","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.6060000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.6060000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.3831000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-values","display_name":"E-value","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-confounding","display_name":"residual confounding","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grade","display_name":"GRADE","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-evidence","display_name":"quality of evidence","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reporting-guidelines","display_name":"reporting guidelines","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.47354501485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.33193284273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3267126679420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3201727271080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2611995041370392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.186639666557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10562187433242798}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xb25k_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408927973","https://openalex.org/W3047310998","https://openalex.org/W2914585126","https://openalex.org/W6940260439","https://openalex.org/W4408928208","https://openalex.org/W3013838175","https://openalex.org/W7163907840","https://openalex.org/W2735301415","https://openalex.org/W4210650934","https://openalex.org/W3206666602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,21,58,125],"recent":[2],"concept":[3],"paper":[4],"(Verbeek":[5],"et":[6,105],"al.,":[7],"2021),":[8],"the":[9,46,49,69,79,103,117,120,140,145],"Grading":[10],"of":[11,37,114,122,124,131,138,147],"Recommendations":[12],"Assessment,":[13],"Development,":[14],"and":[15,52,119,143],"Evaluation":[16],"(GRADE)":[17],"Working":[18],"Group":[19],"provides":[20],"preliminary":[22],"proposal":[23,42,109],"to":[24,32,57,62,95,102],"improve":[25],"its":[26],"existing":[27],"guidelines":[28],"for":[29,48,88],"assessing":[30],"sensitivity":[31],"uncontrolled":[33,66],"confounding":[34,67,148],"in":[35,68,134,136],"meta-analyses":[36,89,135],"nonrandomized":[38],"studies.":[39,154],"The":[40],"new":[41],"centers":[43],"on":[44,53],"reporting":[45],"E-value":[47,56,86,118],"meta-analytic":[50,80,141],"mean":[51],"comparing":[54],"this":[55],"measured":[59],"\u201creference":[60],"confounder\u201d":[61],"determine":[63],"whether":[64],"residual":[65],"meta-analyzed":[70],"studies":[71],"could":[72,74,90],"or":[73],"not":[75],"plausibly":[76],"explain":[77],"away":[78],"mean.":[81],"Although":[82],"we":[83,99],"agree":[84],"that":[85,150],"analogs":[87],"be":[91],"an":[92],"informative":[93],"addition":[94],"future":[96],"GRADE":[97],"guidelines,":[98],"suggest":[100],"improvements":[101],"Verbeek":[104],"al.":[106],"(2021)\u2019s":[107],"specific":[108],"regarding:":[110],"(1)":[111],"their":[112,129],"interpretation":[113],"comparisons":[115],"between":[116],"strengths":[121],"associations":[123],"reference":[126],"confounder;":[127],"(2)":[128],"characterization":[130],"evidence":[132],"strength":[133],"terms":[137],"only":[139],"mean;":[142],"(3)":[144],"possibility":[146],"bias":[149],"is":[151],"heterogeneous":[152],"across":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2025-03-28T00:00:00"}
