{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408912922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","title":"Cumulative population blood lead levels","display_name":"Cumulative population blood lead levels","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408912922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40139801","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11950927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","pdf_url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/3/e018145.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764928273","display_name":"BMJ Global Health","issn_l":"2059-7908","issn":["2059-7908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/3/e018145.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068960794","display_name":"Richard Fuller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-5069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-5069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802730293","display_name":"Pure Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/018y7q663","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802730293"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Fuller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pure Earth Blacksmith Institute, New York, New York, USA","Pure Earth Blacksmith Institute, New York, New York, USA Fuller@pureearth.org"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-5069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pure Earth Blacksmith Institute, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pure Earth Blacksmith Institute, New York, New York, USA Fuller@pureearth.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093843051","display_name":"Kate Porterfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0234-7671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0234-7671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802730293","display_name":"Pure Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/018y7q663","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802730293"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kate Porterfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pure Earth Blacksmith Institute, New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0234-7671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pure Earth Blacksmith Institute, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070244802","display_name":"David Hanrahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-2136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-2136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802730293","display_name":"Pure Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/018y7q663","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802730293"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Hanrahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pure Earth Blacksmith Institute, New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-2136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pure Earth Blacksmith Institute, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078987114","display_name":"Howard Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-2707","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-2707"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-2707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068960794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730293"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3679},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3679},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"e018145","last_page":"e018145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14168","display_name":"Occupational Health and Global Justice","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-lead-levels","display_name":"blood lead levels","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-exposure","display_name":"lead exposure","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention-targeting","display_name":"intervention targeting","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.8730000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6106051802635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.49495238065719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.465143084526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4380422830581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14925158023834229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","pdf_url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/3/e018145.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764928273","display_name":"BMJ Global Health","issn_l":"2059-7908","issn":["2059-7908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10762066","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11950927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40139801","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40139801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ global health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11950927","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11950927/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Glob Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39e95a895858417396b66ff83a82947c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39e95a895858417396b66ff83a82947c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Global Health, Vol 10, Iss 3 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018145","pdf_url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/3/e018145.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764928273","display_name":"BMJ Global Health","issn_l":"2059-7908","issn":["2059-7908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408912922.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408912922.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126489758","https://openalex.org/W2735504757","https://openalex.org/W2792874077","https://openalex.org/W2903302306","https://openalex.org/W3133979447","https://openalex.org/W4318670601","https://openalex.org/W4396946025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3166900433","https://openalex.org/W7110519126","https://openalex.org/W3133979447","https://openalex.org/W1797611495","https://openalex.org/W2892403993","https://openalex.org/W4404445269","https://openalex.org/W6889724557","https://openalex.org/W3087172675","https://openalex.org/W4378191567","https://openalex.org/W4288943094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-level":[0],"lead":[1,24,33,79,94],"poisoning":[2],"in":[3,81,98,109],"low-":[4],"and":[5,21,128,137],"middle-income":[6],"countries":[7],"has":[8],"recently":[9],"become":[10],"a":[11,28,67,82,122],"global":[12,93],"priority,":[13],"endorsed":[14],"by":[15],"the":[16,59,62,77,92,104,117,133,143],"World":[17],"Bank,":[18],"UN":[19],"agencies":[20],"others.":[22],"Blood":[23],"level":[25],"(BLL)":[26],"is":[27,96,135],"critical":[29],"measure":[30,142],"of":[31,61,91,145],"individual":[32],"exposure":[34],"directly":[35],"linked":[36],"to":[37,47,75,124,141],"adverse":[38],"health":[39],"outcomes.":[40],"National":[41],"BLL":[42,71],"averages":[43],"can":[44,138],"be":[45,139],"useful":[46],"target":[48],"interventions":[49,108],"but":[50],"do":[51],"not":[52],"account":[53],"for":[54,106],"population":[55,64,73],"size.":[56],"We":[57],"introduce":[58],"concept":[60],"\u2018cumulative":[63],"BLL\u2019":[65],"(cpBLL),":[66],"metric":[68],"combining":[69],"average":[70],"with":[72],"size":[74],"estimate":[76],"overall":[78],"burden":[80,95],"country.":[83],"Initial":[84],"cpBLL":[85,113],"estimates":[86],"reveal":[87],"that":[88],"over":[89],"60%":[90],"concentrated":[97],"just":[99],"12":[100],"countries,":[101],"which":[102],"highlights":[103],"need":[105],"targeted":[107],"specific":[110],"regions.":[111],"The":[112],"tool,":[114],"alternately":[115],"called":[116],"\u2018Lead":[118],"Burden":[119],"Index\u2019,":[120],"offers":[121],"way":[123],"help":[125],"governments,":[126],"donors":[127],"international":[129],"organisations":[130],"prioritise":[131],"where":[132],"action":[134],"needed":[136],"used":[140],"effectiveness":[144],"associated":[146],"interventions.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-03-28T00:00:00"}