{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408908353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","title":"A Comprehensive Ensemble Approach Using Blending and Stacking for Credit Card Fraud Detection","display_name":"A Comprehensive Ensemble Approach Using Blending and Stacking for Credit Card Fraud Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408908353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","pdf_url":"https://submissions.adroidjournals.com/index.php/ijssic/article/download/11/9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047152","display_name":"International Journal on Smart & Sustainable Intelligent Computing","issn_l":"3048-8508","issn":["3048-8508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Smart & Sustainable Intelligent Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://submissions.adroidjournals.com/index.php/ijssic/article/download/11/9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000227014","display_name":"Bharti Chugh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-3318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-3318"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bharti Chugh","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE, KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR , Ghaziabad , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE, KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR , Ghaziabad , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002862370","display_name":"Preeti Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6635-3296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6635-3296"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preeti Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE, KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR , Ghaziabad , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE, KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR , Ghaziabad , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006280780","display_name":"Karnika Dwivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1131-9223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1131-9223"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karnika Dwivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE, KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR , Ghaziabad , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE, KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR , Ghaziabad , India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1055,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35546481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-card-fraud-detection","display_name":"credit card fraud detection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"ensemble learning","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking","display_name":"stacking","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blending","display_name":"blending","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting-classifier","display_name":"voting classifier","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-imbalance","display_name":"class imbalance","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resampling","display_name":"resampling","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"feature selection","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-data","display_name":"transaction data","score":0.7409999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780747020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83873","display_name":"Credit card fraud","level":4,"score":0.9030200839042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983355114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161380","display_name":"Credit card","level":3,"score":0.6622170805931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.5675443410873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.47575944662094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.417568564414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37161198258399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34785550832748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3023239076137543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08378046751022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07178714871406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","pdf_url":"https://submissions.adroidjournals.com/index.php/ijssic/article/download/11/9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047152","display_name":"International Journal on Smart & Sustainable Intelligent Computing","issn_l":"3048-8508","issn":["3048-8508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Smart & Sustainable Intelligent Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63503/j.ijssic.2024.11","pdf_url":"https://submissions.adroidjournals.com/index.php/ijssic/article/download/11/9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047152","display_name":"International Journal on Smart & Sustainable Intelligent Computing","issn_l":"3048-8508","issn":["3048-8508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Smart & Sustainable Intelligent Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408908353.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408908353.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W287145788","https://openalex.org/W435157458","https://openalex.org/W2805166017","https://openalex.org/W3194366213","https://openalex.org/W4283793340","https://openalex.org/W4378650951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312800963","https://openalex.org/W4389409010","https://openalex.org/W4403146282","https://openalex.org/W7216914744","https://openalex.org/W4406658391","https://openalex.org/W7117371592","https://openalex.org/W3164112495","https://openalex.org/W4360995349","https://openalex.org/W4206991205","https://openalex.org/W4410453336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"of":[1,15,30,32,38,85,92,131,138],"credit":[2,109],"card":[3,110],"fraud":[4,20,111],"transactions":[5,26],"is":[6,40,43,70,116,174],"a":[7,67,71,98,159],"severe":[8],"problem,":[9],"which":[10,25,205],"requires":[11],"analyzing":[12],"large":[13,90],"volumes":[14,91],"transaction":[16,54],"data":[17,39],"to":[18,49,197],"identify":[19],"patterns.":[21],"It":[22],"re-quires":[23],"finding,":[24],"are":[27],"fraudulent":[28,87],"out":[29],"millions":[31],"daily":[33],"transactions.":[34],"As":[35,66,113],"the":[36,74,83,114,118,122,133,136,144,170,175,185],"amount":[37],"increasing,":[41],"it":[42],"now":[44],"difficult":[45],"for":[46,73,108],"an":[47,154],"indi-vidual":[48],"detect":[50],"meaningful":[51],"patterns":[52,88],"from":[53,89],"data,":[55],"often":[56],"character-ized":[57],"by":[58],"many":[59,61],"samples,":[60],"dimensions,":[62],"and":[63,106,142,158,177,201],"online":[64],"updates.":[65],"result,":[68],"there":[69],"need":[72],"best":[75,186],"possible":[76],"approach":[77,101],"using":[78],"machine":[79],"learning":[80],"that":[81,169],"auto-mates":[82],"process":[84],"identifying":[86],"data.":[93],"Therefore,":[94],"this":[95],"study":[96],"proposed":[97,119],"comprehensive":[99],"ensemble":[100,155,173,193],"us-ing":[102],"Blending":[103],"(Voting":[104],"Classifier)":[105],"stacking":[107,172,194],"detection.":[112],"dataset":[115,123],"imbalanced,":[117],"method":[120],"balanced":[121],"resampling":[124],"techniques.":[125],"Working":[126],"with":[127,151],"selected":[128],"features":[129,134],"instead":[130],"all":[132],"reduces":[135],"risk":[137],"over-fitting,":[139],"improves":[140],"accuracy,":[141],"decreases":[143],"training":[145],"time.":[146],"Afterward,":[147],"three":[148],"base":[149,190],"classifiers":[150,195],"chosen":[152],"features,":[153],"voting":[156],"classifier":[157,182],"Stacking":[160],"Classifier":[161],"have":[162],"been":[163],"developed.":[164],"The":[165,192],"computational":[166],"results":[167],"indicate":[168],"suggested":[171],"best,":[176],"its":[178],"Random":[179],"Forest":[180],"(RF)":[181],"has":[183,206],"also":[184],"performance":[187],"among":[188],"other":[189,209],"classifiers.":[191],"lead":[196],"82.5%":[198],"recall,85%":[199],"F1-score":[200],"82.5":[202],"%":[203],"AUC":[204],"superiority":[207],"over":[208],"ensemble-based":[210],"methods.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-03-28T00:00:00"}