{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408907467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","title":"Hierarchical Phenotyping of Psychopathology: Implications and Opportunities for Precision Psychiatry when Biology Could be Associated with both Symptoms and Syndromes","display_name":"Hierarchical Phenotyping of Psychopathology: Implications and Opportunities for Precision Psychiatry when Biology Could be Associated with both Symptoms and Syndromes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408907467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003183076","display_name":"Daniel P. Moriarity","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-7307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-7307"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel P. Moriarity","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-7307","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049682934","display_name":"Emily R. Perkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-8962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-8962"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily R. Perkins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-8962","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013274479","display_name":"Keanan J. Joyner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-0879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-0879"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keanan Joyner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.8554999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.8554999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":0.07109999656677246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychopathology","display_name":"psychopathology","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-psychiatry","display_name":"precision psychiatry","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-classification","display_name":"disease classification","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunopsychiatry","display_name":"immunopsychiatry","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-biomarkers","display_name":"genetic biomarkers","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiological-markers","display_name":"neurophysiological markers","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychopathology-measurement","display_name":"psychopathology measurement","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123273963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624758","display_name":"Psychopathology","level":2,"score":0.8528492450714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5107347965240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.45845311880111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3211495280265808}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:7f06a41c-9b23-4464-8774-645d270f5cb4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/rjgaz","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rjgaz_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376118242","https://openalex.org/W2992959697","https://openalex.org/W7160593431","https://openalex.org/W6921528134","https://openalex.org/W2593657192","https://openalex.org/W3037405428","https://openalex.org/W4286561956","https://openalex.org/W2609363507","https://openalex.org/W3120445835","https://openalex.org/W6922283668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"psychiatry":[1,155],"increasingly":[2],"embraces":[3],"precision":[4,154,233],"medicine":[5],"principles,":[6],"there":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"increasing":[10],"efforts":[11],"to":[12,34,56,78,119,134,171,210,223,231],"characterize":[13],"the":[14,28,81,94,104,121,212],"specificity":[15,82,122],"of":[16,31,66,83,123,167,177],"biology\u2013psychopathology":[17,124],"associations":[18,85],"(e.g.,":[19,37],"is":[20],"biology":[21,62],"associated":[22],"with":[23],"syndromes":[24,36,68],"or":[25,42],"symptoms?).":[26],"Unfortunately,":[27],"vast":[29],"majority":[30],"research":[32],"selects":[33],"test":[35,61],"case-control,":[38],"symptom":[39],"total/average":[40],"scores)":[41],"individual":[43],"symptoms":[44,71],"a":[45,64,144],"priori":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48],"untested":[49],"assumptions.":[50],"Alternatively,":[51],"most":[52],"studies":[53],"that":[54,75],"attempt":[55],"empirically":[57],"compare":[58],"these":[59,87,225],"options":[60,88],"as":[63,116],"predictor":[65],"a)":[67],"and":[69,109,159,185,188],"b)":[70],"in":[72,138,183,196,200,227],"separate":[73],"models":[74],"are":[76,89,132],"unable":[77],"directly":[79,91],"falsify":[80],"observed":[84],"because":[86],"not":[90],"competing":[92],"for":[93,153,180,193,214],"same":[95],"variance.":[96],"In":[97,204],"this":[98,207],"review,":[99],"we":[100],"will":[101],"(i)":[102],"discuss":[103,174],"historical":[105],"tension":[106],"between":[107],"symptom-":[108],"syndrome-focused":[110],"psychiatry;":[111,172],"(ii)":[112],"introduce":[113,190],"hierarchical":[114,129,145,168,178,198,215],"phenotyping":[115,130,146,169,179,199,216],"an":[117],"approach":[118],"determining":[120],"associations;":[125],"(iii)":[126],"highlight":[127,164],"how":[128,143],"approaches":[131,170,217],"complementary":[133],"leading":[135],"nosological":[136],"movements":[137],"psychopathology":[139,234],"research;":[140],"(iv)":[141],"illustrate":[142],"lens":[147],"can":[148],"generate":[149],"promising":[150],"future":[151],"directions":[152],"using":[156],"immunopsychiatric,":[157],"genetic,":[158],"neurophysiological":[160],"examples":[161],"(1);":[162],"(v)":[163],"clinical":[165],"implications":[166,176],"(vi)":[173],"methodological":[175,191],"best":[181],"practices":[182],"measuring":[184],"modeling":[186],"psychopathology;":[187],"(vii)":[189],"resources":[192],"readers":[194,222],"interested":[195],"investigating":[197],"their":[201,228],"own":[202,229],"work.":[203],"doing":[205],"so,":[206],"review":[208],"seeks":[209],"build":[211],"case":[213],"while":[218],"simultaneously":[219],"preparing":[220],"motivated":[221],"use":[224],"methods":[226],"work":[230],"advance":[232],"research.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-03-28T00:00:00"}
