{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408868802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","title":"Effects of doubled atmospheric CO 2 concentration on apple trees I. Growth analysis","display_name":"Effects of doubled atmospheric CO 2 concentration on apple trees I. Growth analysis","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408868802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170604008","display_name":"European Journal of Horticultural Science","issn_l":"1611-4426","issn":["1611-4426","1611-4434"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319817","host_organization_name":"Eugen Ulmer Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319817"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Eugen Ulmer Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Horticultural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K. Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 368 Agric. Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078-6028, USA","Institut f\u00fcr Obstbau und Gem\u00fcsebau der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Auf dem H\u00fcgel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 368 Agric. Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078-6028, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Obstbau und Gem\u00fcsebau der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Auf dem H\u00fcgel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G. Q. Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Q. Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Obstbau und Gem\u00fcsebau der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Auf dem H\u00fcgel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Obstbau und Gem\u00fcsebau der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Auf dem H\u00fcgel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070013760","display_name":"Fritz Lenz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Lenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Obstbau und Gem\u00fcsebau der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Auf dem H\u00fcgel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Obstbau und Gem\u00fcsebau der Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Auf dem H\u00fcgel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59238757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"282","last_page":"288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevated-co2","display_name":"elevated CO2","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple","display_name":"apple","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/golden-delicious-apple","display_name":"Golden Delicious","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m9-rootstock","display_name":"M9 rootstock","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-growth","display_name":"tree growth","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area","display_name":"leaf area","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-leaf-area","display_name":"specific leaf area","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-ratio","display_name":"leaf area ratio","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-assimilation-rate","display_name":"net assimilation rate","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-growth-rate","display_name":"relative growth rate","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-shoot-ratio","display_name":"root-shoot ratio","score":0.8830000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5034560561180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.41702359914779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3692491054534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3295906186103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3283512592315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08889201283454895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170604008","display_name":"European Journal of Horticultural Science","issn_l":"1611-4426","issn":["1611-4426","1611-4434"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319817","host_organization_name":"Eugen Ulmer Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319817"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Eugen Ulmer Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Horticultural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a902656617444e66a6b8de7fbd04db3c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a902656617444e66a6b8de7fbd04db3c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Horticultural Science, Vol 66, Iss 6, Pp 282-288 (2001)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ejhs.2001/3410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170604008","display_name":"European Journal of Horticultural Science","issn_l":"1611-4426","issn":["1611-4426","1611-4434"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319817","host_organization_name":"Eugen Ulmer Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319817"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Eugen Ulmer Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Horticultural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408888455","https://openalex.org/W4408888461","https://openalex.org/W2087609477","https://openalex.org/W4408888309","https://openalex.org/W2047248336","https://openalex.org/W2113132557","https://openalex.org/W2044962439","https://openalex.org/W1801497059","https://openalex.org/W2077904783","https://openalex.org/W1995181629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"Two":[1],"year":[2],"old":[3],"apple":[4,41,267],"(":[5],"Malus":[6],"domestica":[7],"Borkh.":[8],"cv.":[9],"'Golden":[10],"Delicious')":[11],"trees":[12,102,113,126,167,203,235],"on":[13,158],"'M9'":[14],"were":[15,168,204,219,280],"exposed":[16],"to":[17,112,250,320],"ambient":[18],"(350":[19],"\u00b1":[20,26],"10":[21,27],"ppm)":[22,28],"and":[23,53,60,73,79,87,96,144,182,198,215,226,261,270,286,298,332],"doubled":[24,275],"(700":[25],"atmospheric":[29,154,276,311],"CO":[30,44,107,118,123,155,178,245,256,277,312,322],"2":[31,45,108,119,124,156,179,246,257,278,313,323],"for":[32,264],"120":[33],"d":[34,224,231],"in":[35,39,162,171,175,234,240],"growth":[36,131,217,269,288,308],"chambers":[37],"situated":[38],"an":[40],"orchard.":[42],"Doubled":[43],"promoted":[46],"tree":[47,85,268],"growth,":[48],"indicated":[49],"by":[50,137,142,148,273,328],"more":[51,169],"leaves":[52],"shoots,":[54],"a":[55,70],"larger":[56],"average":[57],"leaf":[58,62,89,94,97,135,181],"area,":[59],"total":[61,88,134,139],"dry":[63,146,159,184,190,195],"weight":[64,160,185,191,196],"per":[65,83],"tree,":[66,84],"as":[67,69,293,295],"well":[68,294],"wider":[71],"canopy":[72],"trunk":[74],"diameter.":[75],"Average":[76],"shoot":[77,81,140,183],"length":[78,82,141],"diameter,":[80],"height,":[86],"area":[90,95,98,136],"increased,":[91],"whereas":[92,193],"specific":[93],"ratio":[99,161,197,200],"of":[100,133,152,165,201,255,290,300,306],"the":[101,128,166,202,208,253,265,274,291,301,317],"decreased":[103],"at":[104,237,242],"700":[105,121,238],"ppm":[106,117,122,244],".":[109],"When":[110],"compared":[111],"grown":[114,236],"under":[115,309],"350":[116,243],",":[120,247],"-treated":[125],"stimulated":[127],"mean":[129],"daily":[130],"rate":[132,214,218,285,289],"73-130%,":[138],"161-162%,":[143],"plant":[145,271,302,307,318],"mass":[147],"134-158%,":[149],"respectively.":[150],"Impacts":[151],"long-term":[153,310],"enrichment":[157,314],"different":[163],"components":[164],"prominent":[170],"above-ground":[172],"organs":[173],"than":[174,239],"roots.":[176],"High":[177],"raised":[180],"ratio,":[186,192],"but":[187,248],"reduced":[188],"stem":[189],"root":[194],"root/shoot":[199],"not":[205],"affected":[206,327],"throughout":[207],"experiment.":[209],"On":[210],"average,":[211],"net":[212,283],"assimilation":[213,284],"relative":[216,287],"0.6-1.7":[220],"g":[221,228],"m":[222],"-2":[223],"-1":[225,230,232],"1.2-3.9":[227],"kg":[229],"higher":[233],"those":[241],"tended":[249],"decline":[251],"with":[252,282],"duration":[254],"treatment.":[258],"The":[259,304],"physiological":[260],"morphological":[262],"mechanisms":[263],"increased":[266],"development":[272],"concentration":[279],"associated":[281],"plants":[292],"cell":[296],"differentiation":[297],"elongation":[299],"organs.":[303],"adjustment":[305],"resulted":[315],"from":[316],"adaptation":[319],"high":[321],"conditions,":[324],"which":[325],"was":[326],"carbon":[329],"sink/source":[330],"availability":[331],"strength.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2025-03-27T00:00:00"}
