{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408836070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","title":"Mitigating Ransomware in Government-Managed Institutions: A Global Critical Information Infrastructure Perspective","display_name":"Mitigating Ransomware in Government-Managed Institutions: A Global Critical Information Infrastructure Perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408836070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651121","display_name":"International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","issn_l":"2048-9870","issn":["2048-9870","2048-9889","2048-9897"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116794751","display_name":"Musiwalo Mashila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8163-5045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8163-5045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musiwalo Mashila","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8163-5045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061042710","display_name":"Siphesihle Philezwini Sithungu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8073-6998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8073-6998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siphesihle Sithungu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8073-6998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002347130","display_name":"Khutso Lebea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-0718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-0718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khutso Lebea","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-0718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03707893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"242","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.05350000038743019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.040699999779462814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"ransomware","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-institutions","display_name":"educational institutions","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bring-your-own-device","display_name":"Bring Your Own Device","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-information-infrastructure","display_name":"critical information infrastructure","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/los-angeles-unified-school-district","display_name":"Los Angeles Unified School District","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-california-san-francisco","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-training","display_name":"security training","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-cybersecurity-policy","display_name":"government cybersecurity policy","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity-funding","display_name":"cybersecurity funding","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity-awareness","display_name":"cybersecurity awareness","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-resilience","display_name":"organizational resilience","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.7716963291168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.7550792098045349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6455041170120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6168357729911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5966739058494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31652620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047251","display_name":"Information infrastructure","level":3,"score":0.4338280260562897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.27994096279144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.2641165852546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2440474033355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20928433537483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13823896646499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651121","display_name":"International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","issn_l":"2048-9870","issn":["2048-9870","2048-9889","2048-9897"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651121","display_name":"International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","issn_l":"2048-9870","issn":["2048-9870","2048-9889","2048-9897"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7567999958992004,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905572069","https://openalex.org/W2894418653","https://openalex.org/W4395051775","https://openalex.org/W2794100869","https://openalex.org/W645555538","https://openalex.org/W3115647830","https://openalex.org/W4283589498","https://openalex.org/W3120776434","https://openalex.org/W3133950541","https://openalex.org/W2561279445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,22,50,57,64,71,82,135,166],"escalating":[4],"ransomware":[5,68,147],"threats":[6],"faced":[7],"by":[8],"government-managed":[9],"educational":[10,113,124,157],"institutions,":[11],"focusing":[12],"on":[13,49],"their":[14,34,169],"vulnerabilities,":[15],"case":[16],"studies,":[17,46],"and":[18,56,70,90,93,108,122,140,154,164],"mitigation":[19],"strategies.":[20,95],"With":[21],"adoption":[23],"of":[24,59,67,74,98,137,168],"Bring":[25],"Your":[26],"Own":[27],"Device":[28],"(BYOD)":[29],"policies,":[30],"schools":[31],"increasingly":[32,173],"expose":[33],"networks":[35,121],"to":[36,111,119,126],"cyber":[37],"risks,":[38],"making":[39],"them":[40],"attractive":[41],"targets":[42],"for":[43,84],"cybercriminals.":[44],"Case":[45],"including":[47],"attacks":[48],"Los":[51],"Angeles":[52],"Unified":[53],"School":[54],"District":[55],"University":[58],"California,":[60],"San":[61],"Francisco,":[62],"illustrate":[63],"profound":[65],"impact":[66],"incidents":[69],"diverse":[72],"responses":[73],"institutions.":[75],"Effective":[76],"cybersecurity":[77,152],"measures":[78,118],"are":[79],"crucial,":[80],"emphasizing":[81],"need":[83],"prioritized":[85],"spending,":[86],"comprehensive":[87],"security":[88],"training,":[89],"advanced":[91],"detection":[92],"response":[94],"The":[96],"role":[97],"government":[99,141],"is":[100],"also":[101],"vital,":[102],"as":[103],"it":[104],"develops":[105],"legislation,":[106],"guidelines,":[107],"funding":[109],"opportunities":[110],"enhance":[112],"cybersecurity.":[114],"Recommendations":[115],"include":[116],"technical":[117],"secure":[120],"collaborative":[123],"initiatives":[125],"share":[127],"best":[128],"practices.":[129],"Ultimately,":[130],"this":[131],"research":[132],"study":[133],"underscores":[134],"necessity":[136],"continuous":[138],"adaptation":[139],"support":[142],"in":[143,171],"fortifying":[144],"defences":[145],"against":[146],"threats.":[148],"By":[149],"fostering":[150],"a":[151],"awareness":[153],"resilience":[155],"culture,":[156],"institutions":[158],"can":[159],"better":[160],"protect":[161],"sensitive":[162],"data":[163],"ensure":[165],"safety":[167],"operations":[170],"an":[172],"tricky":[174],"digital":[175],"landscape.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
